Sustained post-rituximab B-cell depletion is common in ANCA-associated vasculitis and is affected by sex and renal function.

Objective: Despite the increasing use of rituximab in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), it remains unclear what the optimal dosing is, especially for maintenance of remission. A deeper understanding of post-rituximab B-cell repopulation patterns may aid better-tailored treatment.

Methods: This is a monocentric, retrospective study including ANCA-positive AAV patients receiving a single course of rituximab induction.