Genomics insights into a isolate causing tuberculosis in a captive South American sea lion () from Italy.

Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and other animals, and it is caused by bacteria within the complex (MTBC). In this study, we report the characterisation of that caused a TB case in a sea lion () kept in an Italian zoo. The animal died due to severe, progressive disorders involving the respiratory and gastro-enteric systems and the skin.

Evidence of structural rearrangements in ESBL-positive pESI(like) megaplasmids of S.Infantis.

The increasing prevalence of pESI(like)-positive, multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis in Europe is a cause of major concern. As previously demonstrated, the pESI(like) megaplasmid is not only a carrier of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes (at least tet, dfr, and sul genes), but also harbours several virulence and fitness genes, and toxin/antitoxin systems that enhance its persistence in the S.

The hazard of carbapenemase (OXA-181)-producing spreading in pig and veal calf holdings in Italy in the genomics era: Risk of spill over and spill back between humans and animals.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are considered a major public health issue. In the frame of the EU Harmonized AMR Monitoring program conducted in Italy in 2021, 21 epidemiological units of fattening pigs (6.98%; 95% CI 4.

A European multicenter evaluation study to investigate the performance on commercially available selective agar plates for the detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) advised to prioritize monitoring carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in food producing animals. Therefore, this study evaluated the performance of different commercially available selective agars for the detection of CPE using spiked pig caecal and turkey meat samples and the proposed EFSA cultivation protocol. Eleven laboratories from nine countries received eight samples (four caecal and four meat samples).

Carbapenemase IncF-borne bla gene in the E. coli ST167 high-risk clone from canine clinical infection, Italy.

The blaNDM-5-producing E. coli Sequence Type (ST)167 high-risk clone is emerging worldwide in human clinical cases, while its presence in companion animals is sporadic and has never been described in Italy. Using a combined Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-reads and Illumina short-reads sequencing approach, an E.

Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant and Related Risk Factors in Holdings of Veal Calves in Northwest Italy.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) have emerged worldwide as zoonotic pathogens. Data on LA-MRSA in veal calf production in Italy are lacking; the aim of this survey was to fill current knowledge gaps in its prevalence and characteristics. Between February 2012 and January 2013 nasal swabs were taken from 1650 three- to six-month-old veal calves on 55 farms in Piedmont (northwest Italy), including gathering-related epidemiological data.

Novel IncFII plasmid harbouring blaNDM-4 in a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli of pig origin, Italy.

Objectives: To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first evidence in Europe of an MDR, blaNDM-4-positive Escherichia coli isolated from a food-producing animal, harboured by a novel IncFII plasmid of which we report the complete sequence.

Methods: One blaNDM-4-positive E. coli isolated in 2019 from the caecal contents of a fattening pig in Italy was in-depth characterized by combined bioinformatic analysis of Oxford Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads, for in silico typing, determination of the blaNDM-4 genetic context and full reconstruction of the blaNDM-4-carrying plasmid.

Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dairy farms in North-eastern Italy.

Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus along the dairy production chain is an emerging public health problem with human, veterinary, and food safety issues. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has steadily increased in several European countries.

Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Companion Animals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three European Countries.

Companion animals have been described as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), however data remain scarce. Therefore, the objectives were to describe antimicrobial usage (AMU) in dogs and cats in three European countries (Belgium, Italy, and The Netherlands) and to investigate phenotypic AMR. A questionnaire and one fecal sample per animal ( = 303) were collected over one year and AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI).

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) spa type t127, Sequence Type (ST)1, quickly spreads and persists among young pigs.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) clones other than Clonal Complex (CC)398, as CC1, have been isolated in pigs in some countries, and appeared to be prevalent in Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of Sequence Type (ST)1, CC1, LA-MRSA clone to colonize and to be transmitted among piglets. Eighteen caesarean-derived/colostrum-deprived piglets of 35 days of age were assigned randomly to three groups: four seeder piglets were contaminated with a spa type t127, ST1, SCCmec V, MRSA (Group A), 10 MRSA-negative piglets were exposed to Group A after 2 days post-contamination, dpc (Group B) and 4 piglets were used as control group (Group C).

Systemic tuberculosis by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS in a free-ranging MARSICAN brown bear (URSUS ARCTOS MARSICANUS): a Case report.

Background: Mycobacterium bovis is known to have a wide host range and has been isolated from numerous free-ranging wildlife species, carnivores included. In bears, M. bovis has been previously reported only from a culture of pooled lymph nodes of a black bear (Ursus americanus) in the absence of lesions.

Corrigendum: Colistin Resistance Mediated by in ESBL-Producing, Multidrug Resistant Infantis in Broiler Chicken Industry, Italy (2016-2017).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Colistin Resistance Mediated by in ESBL-Producing, Multidrug Resistant Infantis in Broiler Chicken Industry, Italy (2016-2017).

Colistin-resistance mediated by mobilisable and plasmid-borne genes has emerged worldwide, threatening the efficacy of colistin, a last resort antibiotic increasingly used for treating human invasive infections by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant . In this study, we report the first evidence of -1-mediated colistin resistance in four multidrug resistant (MDR) out of 324 infantis from the Italian antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring (2001-2017) in broilers and broiler meat. Two were also Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates.

Molecular Epidemiology of -Encoded Colistin Resistance in From Food-Producing Animals in Italy Revealed Through the EU Harmonized Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring.

Colistin resistance by mobilisable genes has been described in bacteria of food-animal origin worldwide, which has raised public health concerns about its potential foodborne transmission to human pathogenic bacteria. Here we provide baseline information on the molecular epidemiology of colistin-resistant, -positive and isolates in food-producing animals in Italy in 2014-2015. A total 678, 861 and 236 indicator , Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing , and isolates, respectively, were tested for colistin susceptibility.

Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants, and for surveillance purposes.

Background and aimPlasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanisms have been identified worldwide in the past years. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection of all currently known transferable colistin resistance genes ( to , and variants) in was developed for surveillance or research purposes. We designed four new primer pairs to amplify , , and gene products and used the originally described primers for to obtain a stepwise separation of ca 200 bp between amplicons.

Evidence of a Prototheca Zopfii Genotype 2 Disseminated Infection in a Dog with Cutaneous Lesions.

Protothecosis is a disease caused by saprophyte aerobic unicellular algae belonging to the genus Prototheca. In dogs, it mainly occurs as a disseminated form, with initial clinical manifestations often referable to the gastrointestinal tract, followed by typical ocular and neurological signs. So far, Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 infection has been reported in severe forms of disseminated protothecosis, while in dogs has never been associated with cutaneous forms.

A New Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme and Its Application for the Characterization of subsp. Associated with Mortality in Cetaceans.

subsp. (PDD) is a known pathogen of fish, humans and marine mammals. In this study, a Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme based on six housekeeping genes (g, and ) was developed to better understand the PDD population structure and used to type 73 PDD isolates from cetaceans, mainly striped dolphins () involved in mortality episodes, and from a few marine chelonians.

Evidence for Human Adaptation and Foodborne Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

We investigated the evolution and epidemiology of a novel livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, which colonizes and infects urban-dwelling Danes even without a Danish animal reservoir. Genetic evidence suggests both poultry and human adaptation, with poultry meat implicated as a probable source.

A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Sequence Type 8, spa type t11469 causing infection and colonizing horses in Italy.

A Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was isolated in Italy from a pathological sample of a mare presenting chronic purulent sinusitis and that had undergone frontal-sinus surgery three months before. Humans, horses, dogs and environmental samples were subsequently collected at the mare's stable and at the Veterinary Hospital, where the mare was operated/hospitalized, and screened for the presence of MRSA that was detected from other horses and from the environment at both sites. All the MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC)8, ST8-t11469-SCCmec-IVa, and showed similar phenotypic and genetic multidrug resistance patterns and macrorestriction-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles.