Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Superimposed on Movement Early after ACL Surgery.

Purpose: Quadriceps weakness and asymmetrical loading of lower limbs are two major issues after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-wk training protocol involving neuromuscular electrical stimulations (NMES) of the quadriceps muscle superimposed on repeated sit-to-stand-to-sit exercises (STSTS), as an additional treatment to standard rehabilitation, from the 15th to the 60th day after ACLR.

Methods: Sixty-three ACLR patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups: NMES superimposed on STSTS (NMES + STSTS), STSTS only, or no additional treatment (NAT) to standard rehabilitation.

Mechanisms of ligand transfer by the hepatic tocopherol transfer protein.

alpha-Tocopherol is a member of the vitamin E family that functions as the principal fat-soluble antioxidant in vertebrates. Body-wide distribution of tocopherol is regulated by the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alphaTTP), which stimulates secretion of the vitamin from hepatocytes to circulating lipoproteins. This biological activity of alphaTTP is thought to stem from its ability to facilitate the transfer of vitamin E between membranes, but the mechanism by which the protein exerts this activity remains poorly understood.