Haemorrhoidal disease in pregnancy: results from a self-assessment questionnaire administered by means of a social network.

Background: The anal symptoms occurring during pregnancy and post-partum, mainly related to Haemorrhoidal Disease (HD), have been reported with in a wide range of incidence in the literature. Although in many cases the course of the disease is mild and self-limiting, sometimes it is severe enough to affect quality of life.

Methods: Our study has been conducted through a questionnaire administered via social media with the aim of obtaining epidemiologic data on the incidence of the symptoms of HD in an unselected population of pregnant women.

Sex ratio at birth: causes of variation and narrative review of literature.

Introduction: The human sex ratio at birth (SRB) is the parameter which reflects the relationship between males and females at birth. It is not 50:50, but approximately 0.515 in favor of males.