Smoking, a major behavioral health burden, causes preventable and premature deaths globally. Nicotine, the addictive component present in tobacco products and Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes, vape), can bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain to trigger a dopamine release that reinforces smoking. Despite the widespread usage of nicotine, its mechanisms of toxicity, particularly in e-cigarettes, are poorly understood.
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