Durability of doravirine with dolutegravir dual regimen compared with other dolutegravir-based dual combinations.

Objectives: The availability of doravirine (DOR) allowed clinicians to prescribe a dolutegravir (DTG)-based two-drug regimen (2DR) in individuals not eligible to receive lamivudine (3TC) or rilpivirine (RPV). The aims of this study were to describe the durability of DTG + DOR compared with DTG/3TC and DTG/RPV and the rate of virological failure and target not-detected maintenance over time.

Methods: This retrospective, monocentric analysis included all subjects who started a DTG-based 2DR from 2018 to 2022 as a simplification.

Contribution of integrase inhibitor use, body mass index, physical activity and caloric intake to weight gain in people living with HIV.

Integrase inhibitor (INSTI) use has been associated with greater weight gain (WG) among people living with HIV (PLWH), but it is unclear how this effect compares in magnitude to traditional risk factors for WG. We assessed the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of modifiable lifestyle factors and INSTI regimens in PLWH who experienced a ≥5% WG over follow-up. In an observational cohort study from 2007 to 2019 at Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, Italy, ART-experienced but INSTI-naive PLWH were grouped as INSTI-switchers vs non-INSTI.

The impact of tocilizumab on respiratory support states transition and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. A Markov model multi-state study.

Background: The benefit of tocilizumab on mortality and time to recovery in people with severe COVID pneumonia may depend on appropriate timing. The objective was to estimate the impact of tocilizumab administration on switching respiratory support states, mortality and time to recovery.

Methods: In an observational study, a continuous-time Markov multi-state model was used to describe the sequence of respiratory support states including: no respiratory support (NRS), oxygen therapy (OT), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), OT in recovery, NRS in recovery.

Adherence to Lipid-Lowering Medication in People Living with HIV: An Outpatient Clinic Drug Direct Distribution Experience.

Objective: Adherence to lipid-lowering drugs could be challenging in our patients as it is in the general population, which is described as low as 25%. Our aim was to evaluate adherence to statins and to investigate clinical event impact on it.

Methods: This retrospective study on HIV+ patients attending to Clinic of Modena (Italy) was conducted in order to evaluate characteristics, clinical events, and adherence on lipid-lowering drugs.

Neurological manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A retrospective analysis from a large cohort in Northern Italy.

SARS-CoV2 infection is a systemic disease that may involve multiple organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Aims of our study are to describe prevalence and clinical features of neurological manifestations, mortality and hospital discharge in subjects hospitalized with COVID-19. All individuals admitted for to our hospital COVID-19 were retrospectively included.

Hypokalemia in Patients with COVID-19.

Background: Patients with COVID-19 experience multiple clinical conditions that may cause electrolyte imbalances. Hypokalemia is a concerning electrolyte disorder closely associated with severe complications. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, risk factors and outcome of hypokalemia in a cohort of patients with confirmed COVID-19.

The Burden of Clostridioides Difficile Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Italian Hospitals (CloVid).

Data on the burden of infection (CDI) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are scant. We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicenter, 1:3 case (COVID-19 patients with CDI)-control (COVID-19 patients without CDI) study in Italy to assess incidence and outcomes, and to identify risk factors for CDI in COVID-19 patients. From February through July 2020, 8402 COVID-19 patients were admitted to eight Italian hospitals; 38 CDI cases were identified, including 32 hospital-onset-CDI (HO-CDI) and 6 community-onset, healthcare-associated-CDI (CO-HCA-CDI).

Effectiveness of infection-containment measures on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and circulation from May to July 2020, in Milan, Italy.

Objective: Through a hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 molecular and serological screening, we evaluated the effectiveness of two months of lockdown and two of surveillance, in Milan, Lombardy, the first to be overwhelmed by COVID-19 pandemics during March-April 2020.

Methods: All subjects presenting at the major hospital of Milan from May-11 to July-5, 2020, underwent a serological screening by chemiluminescent assays. Those admitted were further tested by RT-PCR.

Machine learning in predicting respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia-Challenges, strengths, and opportunities in a global health emergency.

Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate a 48 hour prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: This was an observational prospective study that comprised consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to hospital from 21 February to 6 April 2020. The patients' medical history, demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data were collected in an electronic patient chart.

Liver steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with fibrosis are predictors of frailty in people living with HIV.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the contribution of liver steatosis and significant fibrosis alone and in association [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with fibrosis] to frailty as a measure of biological age in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic in 2018-2019.

Methods: Patients with hazardous alcohol intake and viral hepatitis coinfection were excluded.

Acute myocarditis as the main clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV 2 infection.

We describe a case of acute myocarditis, which was reported as the main COVID-19 clinical manifestation, with a favorabile outcome. In addition to symptoms, laboratory tests (BNP and troponin), echocardiogram and cardiac MRI contributed to diagnosis. Regardless heart biopsy was not obtained, it is likely an immunological pathogenesis of this condition which pave the way to further therapeutic implications, since there are currently no standardized treatments.

Sex Differences in People Aging With HIV.

Background: To evaluate differences between older women and men with HIV regarding HIV variables, comorbidity, physical function, and quality of life (QOL).

Setting: The Modena HIV clinic.

Methods: Prospective cohort study.

Thymus Imaging Detection and Size Is Inversely Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in People With HIV.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) may experience accentuating aging in relation to immuno-activation. Little is known regarding thymus (THY) involution in this process. We sought to investigate the relationship between THY imaging detection/size and clinically relevant aging outcomes such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), multimorbidity (MM), and frailty in PWH.

Genotype-based differentiation of the Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes by combined PCR-RFLP analysis of the capsule-associated genes CAP10 and CAP59.

This report describes an indirect identification method for Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes developed using combined restriction enzyme pattern analysis of two PCR-amplified portions of the capsule-associated genes CAP10 and CAP59. The method relies on the recognition of the sequence conformation of nine serotype-related polymorphic sites by the analysis of four restriction profiles. A 610 nucleotides long trait of the CAP10 gene was digested with the enzymes Sty I or Sal I and a 597 nucleotides long trait of the CAP59 gene was digested with the enzymes Sal I or EcoRV+PstI.

4-Alkyl- and 4-phenylcoumarins from Mesua ferrea as promising multidrug resistant antibacterials.

Supercritical CO2 selectively extracted a series of 4-alkyl and 4-phenyl 5,7-dihydroxycoumarins from Mesua ferrea blossoms. Chemical modifications of the isolated compounds allowed us to confirm the structures elucidated by spectroscopic means and to prepare new derivatives amenable to SAR studies and potential pharmaceutical development. Biological investigations towards the screening on a number of bacteria strains and Plasmodium falciparum, identified compounds 1-9 as weak antiprotozoal agents and potent antibacterials on resistant Gram-positive strains.