Issues in the Implementation of Directive 2013/35/EU Regarding the Protection of Workers against Electromagnetic Fields.

In 2016 the Directive 2013/35/EU regarding the protection of health and safety of workers exposed to electromagnetic fields was transposed in Italy. Since then, the authors of this paper have been faced with several issues related to the implementation of the provisions of the Directive, which pose some interpretative and operative concerns. A primary critical feature of the Directive is that, in some circumstances, conditions of "overexposure", i.

[Jurisprudence on occupational radiofrequency diseases].

In the last decade, at the conclusion of some civil proceedings concerning appeals against INAIL (the Italian workers' compensation authority), some Italian courts have recognised the occupational origin of tumours in workers exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) emitted by wireless phones, despite the fact that a causal role of electromagnetic fields in oncogenesis has not been demonstrated. In some cases, workers' exposures were combined with those due to other RF EMF sources or with exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs). For the sake of completeness, the case of exposure of a worker to ELF MFs only is also considered.

Impact of climate change on occupational exposure to solar radiation.

Occupational exposure to solar radiation may induce both acute and long-term effects on skin and eyes. Personal exposure is very difficult to assess accurately, as it depends on environmental, organisational and individual factors. The ongoing climate change interacting with stratospheric ozone dynamics may affect occupational exposure to solar radiation.

[Health issues and regulatory aspects of the use of ultrasound in physiotherapy].

The use of ultrasounds in medicine requires, like all physical agents potentially harmful to human health, an accurate assessment of the risks to the health of patients. The nature and extent of these risks depend on exposure levels which in turn are differentiated according to the specific diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Intermediate exposure levels are associated to physiotherapic applications.

SETIL: Italian multicentric epidemiological case-control study on risk factors for childhood leukaemia, non hodgkin lymphoma and neuroblastoma: study population and prevalence of risk factors in Italy.

Background: Aetiology of childhood leukaemia and childhood neoplasm is poorly understood. Information on the prevalence of risk factors in the childhood population is limited. SETIL is a population based case-control study on childhood leukaemia, conducted with two companion studies on non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and neuroblastoma.

Risk of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after parental occupational exposure to solvents and other agents: the SETIL Study.

Aim: In the context of the Italian Multicentric Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors for Childhood Leukaemia and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (SETIL), the risk of childhood cancer was investigated in relation to parental occupational exposures.

Methods: All cases of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in children aged 0-10 years were identified. Controls were chosen at random from the local population in each region.

Magnetic fields produced by power lines do not affect growth, serum melatonin, leukocytes and fledging success in wild kestrels.

Nesting on high voltage transmission line towers exposes birds to electric and magnetic fields for long periods. Nestlings are exposed from their development in ovo until fledging. This is a critical period for them because the quality of the developmental environment may affect their fitness at adulthood.

Morbidity experience in populations residentially exposed to 50 hz magnetic fields: methodology and preliminary findings of a cohort study.

A morbidity study of the population of a district of Rome built in part under a 60 kV electric distribution line, included 345 subjects resident in the study area in any period between 1954 and 2003, excluding those deceased before 1998. Residential magnetic field levels were estimated based on current load, line characteristics, and distance of the dwellings from the power line, and the study area was divided into sub-areas with differing magnetic field levels. Standardized morbidity ratios were computed from hospital discharge records dated 1998-2003.

[Preliminary study of cause-specific mortality of a population exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields, in a district of Rome municipality].

Objective: To investigate cause-specific mortality in a population exposed to high levels of 50 Hz magnetic fields, in a district of Rome.

Design: A cohort of 357 subjects that are resident in an area of about 100 meters on the two sides of a 60 kV power line was studied. Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields was evaluated by spot and long-term measurements and by adopting a model based on current load, characteristics of the line and distance of dwellings from conductors.