Affective temperaments: Effects on treatment response for major depression.

There is growing interest in assessing affective temperaments in relation to major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Needed is evaluation of the impact of temperament ratings on responses to treatment of depression in these disorders. We measured treatment response as %-improvement in HDRS depression ratings and correlated this measure as well as response rate (≥50 % improvement) with TEMPS-A ratings of anxious, cyclothymic, dysthymic, hyperthymic, and irritable affective temperaments in 2264 mood-disorder patients (1165 BD, 1099 MDD; 62.

Responses to clinical treatment of bipolar versus unipolar depressive episodes in women versus men.

Background: Whether responses to treatment of major depressive episodes differ between women and men or with bipolar (BD) and major depressive disorders (MDD) remains unresolved.

Aims: To test for diagnostic and sex differences in responses to treatment of depression.

Methods: We compared changes in the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) ratings of depression ( = 3243) between women (64.

Late olfactory bulb involvement in COVID-19.

Transient or persistent hypo-anosmia is common in SARS‑CoV‑2 infection but olfactory pathway late-term morphometric changes are still under investigation. We evaluated late olfactory bulb (OB) imaging changes and their correlates with the olfactory function in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Eighty-three subjects (mean-age 43 ± 14 yr; 54 females; time-interval infection/MRI: 129±68 d) were affected by asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 in 2020 and 25 healthy controls (mean-age 40 ± 13 yr; 9 females) underwent 3T-MRI and olfactory function evaluation through anamnestic questionnaire and Sniffin' Sticks.

Service users perspectives on psychosis-risk terminology: An Italian study on labeling terms preferences and stigma.

Aims: The current range of labeling terms-at-risk mental state (ARMS), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and attenuated psychotic syndrome (APS)-used to refer to the psychosis-risk concept is varied, and their acceptability and potential stigma are not well understood. By involving Italian youth with lived experience of mental ill-health, we aimed to generate new labeling terms for psychosis-risk, and to evaluate literacy, attitudes, and preferences regarding these and the existing terms. Additionally, we investigated opinions of disclosure of the at-risk concept in clinical practice.

Prediction of medical admissions after psychiatric inpatient hospitalization in bipolar disorder: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness associated with high rates of general medical comorbidity, reduced life expectancy, and premature mortality. Although BD has been associated with high medical hospitalization, the factors that contribute to this risk remain largely unexplored. We used baseline medical and psychiatric records to develop a supervised machine learning model to predict general medical admissions after discharge from psychiatric hospitalization.

Association between exposure to antidepressants and stimulants and age at onset of mania or psychosis: A retrospective population-based cohort study.

This study investigated the impact of prior antidepressant and stimulant exposure on the age at onset (AAO) of first episode mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP). Patients with FEP and FEM born after 1985 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Duration and peak dose of antidepressant and stimulant exposure were quantified by review of the electronic health record.

Risk factors, prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review.

Introduction: People with severe mental illness have poor cardiometabolic health. Commonly used antidepressants and antipsychotics frequently lead to weight gain, which may further contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Areas Covered: We searched MEDLINE up to April 2023 for umbrella reviews, (network-)meta-analyses, trials and cohort studies on risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies of weight gain associated with antidepressants/antipsychotics.

Antidepressant-associated diagnostic change from major depressive to bipolar disorder.

Background: Anticipating diagnostic change from major depressive (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) can support better prognosis and treatment, especially of depression but is challenging and reported research results are inconsistent. We therefore assessed clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic change from MDD to BD with antidepressant treatments.

Methods: We compared characteristics of 3212 initially MDD patients who became (hypo)manic during antidepressant treatment to those with stable MDD diagnoses as well as with cases of stable, spontaneous BD, using standard bivariate and multivariate statistics.

Pharmacogenomic overlap between antidepressant treatment response in major depression & antidepressant associated treatment emergent mania in bipolar disorder.

There is increasing interest in individualizing treatment selection for more than 25 regulatory approved treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite an inconclusive efficacy evidence base, antidepressants (ADs) are prescribed for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder (BD) with oftentimes, an inadequate treatment response and or clinical concern for mood destabilization. This study explored the relationship between antidepressant response in MDD and antidepressant-associated treatment emergent mania (TEM) in BD.

Current Status and Treatment of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Rapid cycling (RC) at least 4 recurrent episodes per year in bipolar disorder (BD) has been recognized since the 1970s. We now comment on our recent review of the topic and extensive RC analysis in a large clinical cohort, emphasizing therapeutics research.

Comments: Prevalence of RC-BD averages 36% for any year versus 22% in the preceding year.

Early sexual or physical abuse in female and male mood disorder patients.

Early abuse has been associated with psychiatric morbidity but comparisons of bipolar (BD) and major depressive (MDD) disorder subjects with versus without early sexual or physical abuse are rare. Patients (n = 684) diagnosed with a DSM-5-TR major mood disorder were evaluated and followed for several years at mood disorder centers to compare details of history and clinical status in participants with versus without early sexual or physical abuse. Early history of sexual (16.

Racial differences in pathways to care preceding first episode mania or psychosis: a historical cohort prodromal study.

Background: There is evidence suggesting racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). The purpose of this study is to compare psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic use preceding a first episode of mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) in racially diverse patients.

Methods: Using a comprehensive medical records linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project, REP), we retrospectively identified individuals diagnosed with BD or SZ and a documented first episode of mania or psychosis.

Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.

Objective: To systematically assess credibility and certainty of associations between cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis based medicines and human health, from observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Design: Umbrella review.

Data Sources: PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, up to 9 February 2022.

Network dysfunction of sadness facial expression processing and morphometry in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Facial emotion recognition (FER), including sadness, is altered in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the relationship between this impairment and the brain structure in BD is relatively unexplored. Furthermore, its association with clinical variables and with the subtypes of BD remains to be clarified.

Prevalence and outcomes of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: Mixed method systematic meta-review.

Rapid-cycling in bipolar disorder (RC-BD) is associated with greater illness morbidity and inferior treatment response but many aspects remain unclear, prompting this systematic review of its definitions, prevalence, and clinical characteristics. We searched multiple literature databases through April 2022 for systematic reviews or meta-analyses on RC-BD and extracted associated definitions, prevalence, risk-factors, and clinical outcomes. We assessed study quality (NIH Quality Assessment Tool) and levels of evidence (Oxford criteria).

Clinical characterization of patients with bipolar disorder and a history of asthma: An exploratory study.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) and asthma are leading causes of morbidity in the US and frequently co-occur.

Objectives: We evaluated the clinical features and comorbidities of patients with BD and a history of asthma.

Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis from the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank, we explored the clinical characteristics of the BD and an asthma phenotype and fitted a multivariable regression model to identify risk factors for asthma.

Characteristics of rapid cycling in 1261 bipolar disorder patients.

Background: Rapid-cycling (RC; ≥ 4 episodes/year) in bipolar disorder (BD) has been recognized since the 1970s and associated with inferior treatment response. However, associations of single years of RC with overall cycling rate, long-term morbidity, and diagnostic subtypes are not clear.

Results: We compared descriptive and clinical characteristics in 1261 BD patients with/without RC, based on history and prospective follow-up for several years.

Insulin resistance in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of illness course and clinical correlates.

Background: Although insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic syndrome are prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), only a few studies have attempted to precisely assess the degree and clinical impact of IR in BD.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted from multiple research databases through May 2022, following a pre-defined protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022359259). We extracted neuroimaging, cognition, illness course, and treatment response findings from individuals with BD with evidence of IR compared with euglycemic BD individuals.

Anxiety and Depression during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Coping Strategies.

Background: Evidence suggests increased anxious-depressive symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, also in its second wave. High symptom variability across individuals suggests that risk and protective factors, including coping strategies, can play a mediating role.

Methods: General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Brief-COPE questionnaires were administered to people attending a COVID-19 point-of-care.