Evaluating antibiotic prophylaxis adherence: Implications for surgical site infections and wound care management.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate adherence to an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its impact on incidence of surgical site infection (SSI).

Materials And Method: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, from September to November 2015. The population were adults who underwent surgery with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Characterization of Uropathogenic Reveals Hybrid Isolates of Uropathogenic and Diarrheagenic (UPEC/DEC) .

(1) Background: Pathogenic are divided into two groups: diarrheagenic (DEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) . ExPEC causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are termed uropathogenic (UPEC) and are the most common cause of UTIs worldwide. (2) Methods: Here, we characterized 112 UPEC in terms of phylogroup, serotype, the presence of virulence factor-encoding genes, and antimicrobial resistance.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen for use in Brazil.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and neurological disability in the world. Several scales help professionals in the early recognition of the disease. However, none of these were developed in Brazil.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

(1) Background: Peritonitis due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB) is a dramatic complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with bad outcomes. Previous studies of PD-related peritonitis due to species have shown a low-resolution rate, without a high resistance rate to antipseudomonal antibiotics. This suggests that bacterial virulence factors can act and influence peritonitis evolution.

Decontamination of stainless-steel bowls with 80% (w/v) alcohol for 30 s and 60 s: randomized experimental study.

Objective: to compare the efficacy of 80% (w/v) alcohol, rubbed for 30 and 60 seconds, in the manual processing of stainless-steel wash bowls, after cleaning with running water and neutral detergent.

Method: experimental study conducted in a hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, on 50 bowls randomly divided into two groups of 25 bowls each for interventions of 30 and 60 seconds of rubbing with 80% (w/v) alcohol.

Results: based on the microbiological analyses collected, before and after the interventions for both groups, partial efficacy of the disinfectant was observed even when extending rubbing time.

Clinical and microbiological factors predicting outcomes of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis due to gram-negative bacilli (GNB), particularly nonfermenting GNB (NF-GNB), is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis with a low resolution rate. Beyond the patient's condition, microbiological properties such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and other virulence factors can explain the poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of patient condition, microbiological characteristics, including biofilm production, and treatment on peritonitis outcome.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale in Brazil.

Background: Use of internationally standardized instruments to assist healthcare professionals in accurately recognizing stroke early is recommended. The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation is important for ensuring that scales are interpreted in the same way in different languages, thus ensuring applicability in several countries.

Objective: To translate into Brazilian Portuguese, cross-culturally adapt and validate the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, using a representative sample of the Brazilian population.

Incidence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in a single center using molecular methods.

Purpose: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-infections in many centers. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of CNS isolated from PD-peritonitis in a Brazilian single center, focusing on the genetic determinants conferring methicillin resistance.

Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated from peritoneal fluid of patients presenting PD-peritonitis, identified by phenotypic and molecular methods, and those identified as CNS were submitted to mecA detection, SCCmec, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Concordance analysis between dosed serum bicarbonate and that calculated by gas analysis in chronic renal patients.

Introduction: The control of metabolic acidosis in dialysis patients focuses on the supply of bicarbonate during the dialysis session, and it is not standard in all hemodialysis to assess serum bicarbonate concentrations. Bicarbonate expressed in blood gas analysis is the most sensitive standard of analysis and it is measured indirectly, using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. There are no studies in this population evaluating the concordance between the calculated bicarbonate with the direct method of biochemical analysis.

Genomic and Clinical Characterization of IMP-1-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Isolates from Bloodstream Infections in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital.

is the main species of the genus; however, non- (NBA) species causing infections have been described for the past years, as well as antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we describe the occurrence of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) IMP-1-producing isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in different patients but in the same intensive care unit among 134 carbapenem-resistant screened. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to carbapenems, extended spectrum, and antipseudomonad cephalosporins, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Emergence and Persistence of High-Risk Clones Among MDR and XDR at a Brazilian Teaching Hospital.

Dissemination of carbapenem-resistant is currently one of the priority themes discussed around the world, including in Brazil, where this pathogen is considered endemic. A total of 107 carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) isolates were collected from patients with bacteraemia attended at a teaching hospital in Brazil from 2008 to 2014. From these samples, 104 (97.

Evaluation of MALDI-TOF VITEKMS and VITEK 2 system for the identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Aim: To compare two identification methods for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from patients with urinary tract infections, VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF VITEKMS, with genotypic identification by internal transcribed spacer PCR (ITS-PCR).

Results: A total of 217 CoNS isolates were studied. Agreement of the VITEK 2 system with ITS-PCR was 84.

Detection of the mecA gene and identification of Staphylococcus directly from blood culture bottles by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Introduction: Staphylococcus spp. - both S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) - are relevant agents of healthcare-associated infections.

Correlation of phenotypic tests with the presence of the blaZ gene for detection of beta-lactamase.

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most common and most important staphylococcal species associated with urinary tract infections. The objective of the present study was to compare and to evaluate the accuracy of four phenotypic methods for the detection of beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus spp. Seventy-three strains produced a halo with a diameter ≤28mm (penicillin resistant) and all of them were positive for the blaZ gene.

Comparison of methods for the identification of microorganisms isolated from blood cultures.

Background: Bloodstream infections are responsible for thousands of deaths each year. The rapid identification of the microorganisms causing these infections permits correct therapeutic management that will improve the prognosis of the patient. In an attempt to reduce the time spent on this step, microorganism identification devices have been developed, including the VITEK(®) 2 system, which is currently used in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes investigation revealed atypical enteropathogenic E. coli as putative emerging diarrheal agents in children living in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes, a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide, among diarrheal and healthy children, up to 5 years of age, living in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. DEC, investigated by PCR detection of virulence factor-encoding genes associated with the distinct pathotypes, was isolated from 18.0% of the patients, and 19.

Streptococcal acute pharyngitis.

Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the posterior pharynx and tonsils, is a common disease. Several viruses and bacteria can cause acute pharyngitis; however, Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as Lancefield group A β-hemolytic streptococci) is the only agent that requires an etiologic diagnosis and specific treatment. S.

Clinical and microbiologic evaluation of chronic leg ulcers: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the flora and bacterial load of chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) according to the clinical judgment of colonization or infection.

Design: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study.

Setting: This study was conducted in an outpatient wound care unit in the Dermatology Department of the Botucatu School of Medicine-UNESP, Brazil.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: a review of 115 cases in a Brazilian center.

Background And Objectives: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most frequent cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis in many centers. This study aimed to describe clinical and microbiologic characteristics of 115 CNS episodes and to determine factors influencing the outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This study reviewed the records of 115 CNS peritonitis episodes that occurred in 74 patients between 1994 and 2011 at a single university center.

Candida species biofilm and Candida albicans ALS3 polymorphisms in clinical isolates.

Over the last decades, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections mainly among immunocompromised patients. This study analyzed Candida spp.

Oxacillin resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and other staphylococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection.

Background: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent community-acquired causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profile and resistance detection in Staphylococcus species. isolated from patients with UTI.

Identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from patients with urinary tract infection using a simple set of biochemical tests correlating with 16S-23S interspace region molecular weight patterns.

The emergence of Staphylococcus spp. not only as human pathogens, but also as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants, requires the development of methods for their rapid and reliable identification in medically important samples. The aim of this study was to compare three phenotypic methods for the identification of Staphylococcus spp.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: a single-center experience over 15 years.

Peritonitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), which is associated with poor outcome and high PD failure rates. We reviewed the records of 62 S. aureus peritonitis episodes that occurred between 1996 and 2010 in the dialysis unit of a single university hospital and evaluated the host and bacterial factors influencing peritonitis outcome.

Detection of SPM and IMP metallo-β-lactamases in clinical specimens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Brazilian public tertiary hospital.

Phenotypic and genotypic SPM and IMP metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) detection and also the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime were evaluated in 47 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens. Polymerase chain reaction detected 14 positive samples to either blaSPM or blaIMP genes, while the best phenotypic assay (ceftazidime substrate and mercaptopropionic acid inhibitor) detected 13 of these samples. Imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime MICs were higher for MBL positive compared to MBL negative isolates.