PECARN Rule in diagnostic process of pediatric patients with minor head trauma in emergency department.

Unlabelled: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the PECARN Rule (PR) in reducing radiological investigations in children with mild traumatic head injury in comparison with current clinical practice. A retrospective study was performed in our hospital between July 2015 and June 2020. Data of all children < 18 years of age admitted to the emergency department (ED), within 24 h after a head trauma with GCS ≥ 14, were analyzed.

IBI Score to Improve Clinical Practice in Newborns and Infants ≤ 60 Days with Fever in the Emergency Department.

Fever is the most common problem of children admitted to emergency department (ED). The management of febrile patients ≤ 60 d old admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department in the last 5 y was evaluated, applying the invasive bacterial infection (IBI) score proposed to evaluate the reliability and safety of this score in the authors' setting.Medical records of 280 patients with fever reported and/or detected in ED were retrospectively analyzed.

Complications associated with myocardial bridging in four children without underlying cardiac disease: a case series.

Background: Myocardial bridging is largely considered to be a benign, symptomless congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries in which the intramyocardial coronary course is partially 'tunnelled' and leads to vessel compression during ventricular systole. There are few data regarding children.

Objective: To report on myocardial bridging observed in children seeking medical help in the paediatric emergency room.

Sensitivity of prick test with walnut commercial extracts and of prick by prick with raw walnut compared with open food challenge in walnut allergy.

Background And Aim: Diagnosis of walnut allergy includes the evaluation of IgE sensitization by skin prick tests (SPT) with standardized commercial extracts. When assuming the loss of relevant allergens due to extract preparation and storage, it is possible to perform SPT with fresh foods, i.e.

Oral allergy syndrome by fruit and vegetable PR-10 allergy: Accuracy of diagnosis.

Routine diagnostic methods for allergies to plant-derived foods are based on skin prick test (SPT) with commercial extracts, prick-by-prick (PbP) with fresh food, serum-specific IgE measurement, and oral food challenge.We discuss the possibility and the advantages of performing, in patients with oral allergy syndrome (OAS) by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) by SPT and PbP with raw and cooked vegetables, rather than performing a CRD with tests by drawing blood.Based on our clinical experience and the studies published in the literature, we believe that, at least for the OAS by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, the search for sensitizing allergens and related cross-reactive allergens with SPT and PbP can be performed routinely in clinical practice, even at the primary-care level.

Role of Troponin Determination to Diagnose Chest Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: Chest pain is a common cause to admission to the pediatric emergency department and often leads to an extensive cardiac evaluation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the troponin (TN) plasma level determination in the initial phase of the differential diagnosis of chest pain in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study on 107 patients, aged 0 to 19 years, admitted for chest pain to the pediatric emergency department of our institution.

Resolution of Giant Coronary Aneurisms in a Child With Refractory Kawasaki Disease Treated With Anakinra.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile illness of unknown etiology that mainly affects children under 5 years of age. intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), the standard treatment, has reduced coronary involvement to <5%. Patients who do not improve after an initial IVIG have a higher risk of developing coronary arteries aneurysms, and its optimal treatment remains controversial.

Intracerebral Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children: Case Series and Literature Review.

Pediatric stroke is an event caused by disturbance of cerebral circulation that occurs in individuals between 28 days and 18 years of age. Although an uncommon event, pediatric stroke still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Unlike adults, causes of pediatric stroke are various and include vascular, infectious, hematologic, neoplastic, and toxic etiologies.

Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and CO removal: A randomized controlled crossover trial.

Objective: To compare short-term application of nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Working Hypothesis: nHFOV improves CO removal with respect to nCPAP in preterm infants needing noninvasive respiratory support and persistent oxygen supply after the first 72 h of life.

Study Design: Multicenter non-blinded prospective randomized crossover study.

Management of pneumothorax in hemodynamically stable preterm infants using high frequency oscillatory ventilation: report of five cases.

Background: Despite an increased use of non-invasive ventilatory strategies and gentle ventilation, pneumothorax remains a common complication in preterm infants. The ventilator management of infants with air leaks remains challenging in terms of both prevention and treatment. Recently the safety and efficacy of expectant management avoiding chest tube drainage to treat large air leak in preterm infants hemodynamically stable has been reported.

Fetal Doppler velocimetry and bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk among growth-restricted preterm infants: an observational study.

Objective: To investigate whether fetal growth restriction (FGR) diagnosis, based on pathological prenatal fetal Doppler velocimetry, is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) independently of being small for gestational age (SGA) per se at birth among very preterm infants.

Design: Prospective, observational study. FGR was defined as failing fetal growth in utero and fetal Doppler velocimetry abnormalities.

Efficacy of a new technique - INtubate-RECruit-SURfactant-Extubate - "IN-REC-SUR-E" - in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although beneficial in clinical practice, the INtubate-SURfactant-Extubate (IN-SUR-E) method is not successful in all preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, with a reported failure rate ranging from 19 to 69 %. One of the possible mechanisms responsible for the unsuccessful IN-SUR-E method, requiring subsequent re-intubation and mechanical ventilation, is the inability of the preterm lung to achieve and maintain an "optimal" functional residual capacity. The importance of lung recruitment before surfactant administration has been demonstrated in animal studies showing that recruitment leads to a more homogeneous surfactant distribution within the lungs.