A phase transition in diffusion models reveals the hierarchical nature of data.

Understanding the structure of real data is paramount in advancing modern deep-learning methodologies. Natural data such as images are believed to be composed of features organized in a hierarchical and combinatorial manner, which neural networks capture during learning. Recent advancements show that diffusion models can generate high-quality images, hinting at their ability to capture this underlying compositional structure.

Muscle magnetic resonance characterization of STIM1 tubular aggregate myopathy using unsupervised learning.

Purpose: Congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the skeletal muscles and characterized by high clinical, genetic, and histological variability. Magnetic Resonance (MR) is a valuable tool for the assessment of involved muscles (i.e.

Liver resection for noncolorectal and nonneuroendocrine metastases: results of a study on 56 patients at a single institution.

The usefulness of surgical treatment for hepatic metastases of noncolorectal nonneuroendocrine (NCRNNE) tumors is not yet clear due to the natural history of these tumors, their frequent systemic dissemination and their histological heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients who underwent liver resection for NCRNNE metastases. For this purpose we retrospectively analyzed 202 patients who underwent liver resection for metastasis between January 1989 and December 2006 at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital of Udine.

Laparoscopic reconstruction after esophageal resection for perforation: a new surgical approach.

The authors present 2 cases of esophageal perforation treated using a new 2-step approach, consisting of esophageal resection and delayed reconstruction of the digestive tract after laparoscopic preparation and transposition of the stomach. The method is characterized by the minimally invasive insertion of a gastric tube through the precardial esophageal stump for postoperative enteral nutrition, and by the use of a laparoscopic method in the reconstruction step for gastrolysis and transposition of the stomach. The benefits lie in the opportunity for enteral feeding preparatory to the reconstruction, with no need for any gastrostomy or jejunostomy, and with fewer complications and a better recovery after reconstruction surgery thanks to the use of a laparoscopic method instead of a laparotomy.

Treatment of perforation in the healthy esophagus: analysis of 12 cases.

Background: Perforation of the esophagus still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, and there is no gold standard for the surgical treatment of choice.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of patients treated for esophageal perforation in the last decade at the General Surgery Unit of the University of Udine. Patients suffering from perforation secondary to surgical procedures or neoplastic disease were ruled out.

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of factors associated with improved prognosis. The role of clinical, pathological and surgical related factors.

Aims And Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) is the third most common cause of cancer death. The aim of this study is to examine the factors associated with improved prognosis in Hcc after liver resection.

Patients And Methods: From September 1989 to March 2005, 134 consecutive patients had liver resection for Hcc on cirrhosis at our department.

Liver resection for HCC: analysis of causes and risk factors linked to postoperative complications.

Background/aims: Hepatic resection is widely accepted as the best treatment for localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in those patients affected by cirrhosis after a sharp selection. Notwithstanding technical advances and high experience of liver resection of specialized centers, the rate of complication after surgical resection could be high. Herein we analyzed causes and foreseeable risk factors on the grounds of data derived from a single center surgical population.

Analysis of survival after pancreatic resection for oncological pathologies.

Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer is to date the only modality that offers a chance of long-term survival. Potentially curative surgery is an option for only about 15% of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the survival and to assess the association of clinical, pathological, and treatment features with survival of patients who underwent resection of pancreatic cancer at the Department of Surgery of Udine University Hospital.

Resective surgery for liver tumor: a multivariate analysis of causes and risk factors linked to postoperative complications.

Background: In spite of accurate selection of patients eligible for resection, and although advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management have greatly contributed to reducing the rate of perioperative deaths, stress must be placed on reducing the postoperative complication rates reported to be still as high as 50%. This study was designed to analyze the causes and foreseeable risk factors linked to postoperative morbidity on the grounds of data derived from a single-center surgical population.

Methods: From September 1989 to March 2005, 287 consecutive patients, affected either with HCC or liver metastasis, had liver resection at our department.

Liver resective surgery: a multivariate analysis of postoperative outcome and complication.

Introduction: Notwithstanding technical advances and high experience of liver resection of specialized centers, the rate of complications after surgical resection could be high. In this study, we analyzed causes and foreseeable risk factors linked to postoperative morbidity on the ground of data derived from a single center surgical population.

Materials And Methods: From September 1989 to March 2005, 134 consecutive patients had liver resection for Hcc and 153 consecutive patients with liver metastasis (derived from either colorectal cancer or noncolorectal cancer) at our department.

[Follow-up of patients submitted to antireflux laparoscopic treatment. A study by a telephone questionnaire].

Objective: As it is difficult to submit patients to instrumental follow-up after laparoscopic treatment of the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it is not easy to have a complete patients analysis after fundoplication. Telephone questionnaire can be a valid instrument to investigate clinical outcome and patients satisfaction to surgery.

Methods: This study discusses the results acquired through a telephone questionnaire which has been administered to patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication to study postoperative clinical evolution of GERD and satisfaction to surgery through a numerical rating scale from 1 to 10.