Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review.

In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Co, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, = (), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the () vs.

Critical Issues of Double-Metal Layer Coating on FBG for Applications at High Temperatures.

Use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to monitor high temperature (HT) applications is of great interest to the research community. Standard commercial FBGs can operate up to 600 ∘ C. For applications beyond that value, specific processing of the FBGs must be adopted to allow the grating not to deteriorate.

Influence of the Heat Treatment on the Particles Size and on the Crystalline Phase of TiO₂ Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method.

Titanium biomaterials' response has been recognized to be affected by particles size, crystal structure, and surface properties. Chemical and structural properties of these nanoparticle materials are important, but their size is the key aspect. The aim of this study is the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles by the sol-gel method, which is an ideal technique to prepare nanomaterials at low temperature.

Thermal Behavior and Structural Study of SiO₂/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Hybrids Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method.

SiO₂-based organic-inorganic hybrids (OIHs) are versatile materials whose properties may change significantly because of their thermal treatment. In fact, after their preparation at low temperature by the sol-gel method, they still have reactive silanol groups due to incomplete condensation reactions that can be removed by accelerating these processes upon heating them in controlled experimental conditions. In this study, the thermal behavior of pure SiO₂ and four SiO₂-based OIHs containing increasing amount (6, 12, 24 and 50 wt %) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Behavior of LiMnFePO₄ Composites Obtained from Phenylphosphonate-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids.

The synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid compounds based on phenylphosphonate and their use as precursors to form LiMnFePO₄ composites containing carbonaceous substances with sub-micrometric morphology are presented. The experimental procedure includes the preliminary synthesis of Fe and/or Mn phenylphosphonates with the general formula FeMn[(C₆H₅PO₃)(H₂O)] (with 0 < x < 1), which are then mixed at different molar ratios with lithium carbonate. In this way the carbon, obtained from in situ partial oxidation of the precursor organic part, coats the LiMnFePO₄ particles.

Acoustic emission monitoring of activation behavior of LaNi hydrogen storage alloy.

The acoustic emission technique is proposed for assessing the irreversible phenomena occurring during hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling in LaNi. In particular, we have studied, through a parametric analysis of detected signals, the correlation between acoustic emission (AE) parameters and the processes occurring during the activation of an intermetallic compound. Decreases in the number and amplitude of AE signals suggest that pulverization due to hydrogen loading involves progressively smaller volumes of material as the number of cycles increases.