Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like appearance (EMAP) clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and insights from allied inherited retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration.

Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like appearance (EMAP) was first described in France in 2009 as a symmetric and rapidly progressive form of macular atrophy primarily affecting middle-aged individuals. Despite the recent identification of a significant number of cases in Italy and worldwide, EMAP remains an underrecognized condition. The clinical triad typical of EMAP consists of vertically oriented macular atrophy with multilobular borders, pseudodrusen-like deposits across the posterior pole and mid-periphery, and peripheral pavingstone degeneration.

Multifocal vitelliform lesions associated with mitochondrial retinopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of multifocal vitelliform lesions in a patient affected by metabolic encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) with the m.3243A>G variant.

Observations: A 37-year-old woman affected by MELAS was referred to our center for progressive vision deterioration.

Digital histology of retinal microaneurysms as provided by dense B-scan (DART) OCTA: characteristics and clinical relevance in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Retinal microaneurysms (MAs) are among the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and can be classified in several subtypes by non-invasive multimodal retinal imaging. The main aim of the present study is to characterize retinal MAs perfusion properties and their blood flow network connectivity by means of Dense Automatic-RealTime (DART) OCTA technology, checking the relationship with the multimodal retinal imaging classification and testing the clinical impact of DART.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study setting was chosen.

The role of ultra-widefield imaging with navigated central and peripheral cross-sectional and three-dimensional swept source optical coherence tomography in ophthalmology: Clinical applications.

Purpose: To assess central and peripheral retinal and choroidal diseases using ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus imaging in combination with navigated central and peripheral cross-sectional and three-dimensional (3D) swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans.

Methods: Retrospective study involving 332 consecutive patients, with a nearly equal distribution of males and females. The mean age of patients was 52 years (range 18-92 years).

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of New Neovascular Branches and Association With Exudation Recurrence in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical role of multi-signal quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) perfusion sampling in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional case series. We collected data from already treated macular neovascularization (MNV), characterized by (I) clinically relevant recurrent exudation, (II) nonclinically relevant recurrent exudation, and (III) inactive lesion.

Quantitative Multimodal Imaging Characterization of Intraretinal Cysts versus Degenerative Pseudocysts in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objective: To differentiate intraretinal fluid (IRF) cysts from degenerative pseudocysts in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by quantitative multimodal imaging.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional.

Participants: Patients affected by macular neovascularization secondary to AMD.

Retinal Vessel Analysis and Microvascular Abnormalities in Patients with Philadelphia-Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

: Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofi-brosis. These neoplasms are characterized by an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Several studies have highlighted that the study of vessels of the retina offers the opportunity to visualize, in vivo, the damage to microcirculation that is common in various systemic pathologies.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography in syndromic versus non-syndromic -associated retinopathy.

Purpose: To compare non-syndromic and syndromic forms of -related retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by means of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, OCT (Spectralis HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering) and OCTA (OCT DRI Topcon Triton, Topcon Corporation).

Clinical and Imaging Biomarkers Associated with Outer Retinal Atrophy Onset in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Real-Word Prospective Study.

Introduction: Macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is well managed by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injections. However, outer retinal atrophy represents an unavoidable occurrence detected during follow-up. Several imaging metrics have been proposed as clinically relevant in stratifying the risk of onset of outer retinal atrophy.

Linear streaks associated with retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To describe a phenotypical manifestation characterized by the identification of peripheral linear streaks associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Study design is a prospective observational case series. All consecutive patients affected by RP underwent a complete ophthalmological examination.

Inner retinal thickness in Stargardt disease.

Purpose: To analyze the alterations at the level of the inner retina in patients affected by Stargardt disease (STGD1).

Methods: Cross-sectional investigation involving STGD1 patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis, who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and microperimetry.

Results: Overall, 31 patients (62 eyes) with genetically confirmed STGD1 were included in the study.

Acute atrophic evolution of drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment after photobiomodulation.

Purpose: To report the acute onset of macular atrophy soon after photobiomodulation (PBM) administration in a patient with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in the study eye before and after PBM.

Results: A patient with drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (D-PED) underwent PBM.

Association of Circulating Antiretinal Antibodies With Clinical Outcomes in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: To determine if circulating antiretinal antibodies (ARAs) differ between patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and control participants and to assess whether ARAs are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with RP.

Methods: Cross-sectional study involving a group of patients clinically diagnosed with RP and a control group of healthy participants. Serum autoantibodies against enolase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) were tested in all participants using Jess capillary Western blot.

The Retinal Phenotype Associated with the p.Pro101Thr BEST1 Variant.

Purpose: To describe the retinal phenotype associated with the p.Pro101Thr BEST1 variant.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

The Clinical Role of the Choroidal Assessment in High Myopia: Characteristics and Association With Neovascular and Atrophic Complications.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical utility of choroidal quantitative assessment associated with the presence of macular neovascularization (MNV) or atrophy in high myopia.

Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective case series with two-year follow-up. We measured choroidal thickness (CT) and the presence and subtype of dome-shaped macula (DSM).

Pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy: Updated scenario.

Pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy (PPCRA) is an uncommon form of chorioretinal atrophy characterized by perivenous aggregations of pigment clumps associated with peripapillary and radial zones of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that are distributed along the retinal veins. Most patients are asymptomatic, and evidence suggest that PPCRA is slowly progressing. Unless macular involvement is present, the majority of patients usually retain a normal visual function.

Hyperautofluorescent Ring Pattern in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Clinical Implications and Modifications Over Time.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among hyperautofluorescent ring patterns, visual acuity (VA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and to describe its modifications over time.

Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal, and observational study. Clinical and imaging data from the first and last available visits of patients with a clinical diagnosis of RP were reviewed.

Smartphone Eye Examination: Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine.

The current medical scenario is closely linked to recent progress in telecommunications, photodocumentation, and artificial intelligence (AI). Smartphone eye examination may represent a promising tool in the technological spectrum, with special interest for primary health care services. Obtaining fundus imaging with this technique has improved and democratized the teaching of fundoscopy, but in particular, it contributes greatly to screening diseases with high rates of blindness.

The Localization of Intraretinal Cysts Has a Clinical Role on the 2-Year Outcome of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objective: To assess the relationship between ≥ 1 localizations of intraretinal fluid (IRF) within retinal layers and the 2-year outcome in a cohort of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Two hundred forty-three eyes of 243 AMD patients affected by type 1 and type 2 macular neovascularization (MNV).

Ocular surface in posterior segment surgery.

Nowadays, the technological breakthroughs of mini-invasive vitreo-retinal surgery improved the perioperative management and the outcomes of millions of patients. The most common procedures include pars plana vitrectomy, episcleral surgery, intravitreal injections, and laser photocoagulation. Potential sight and non-sight-threatening side effects have been reported during the follow-up period.

Association Between Genotype and Phenotype Severity in ABCA4-Associated Retinopathy.

Importance: ABCA4-associated retinopathy is a common inherited retinal disease, and its phenotype spans from late-onset macular dystrophy to extensive cone-rod degeneration. Over 2000 disease-causing variants in the ABCA4 gene have been identified.

Objective: To investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in ABCA4-associated retinopathy.

Peripheral Retinal Involvement in Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudodrusen-Like Deposits.

Purpose: To describe the alterations of the peripheral retina in extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like deposits (EMAP) by means of ultrawidefield fundus photography (UWFFP) and ultrawidefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF).

Study Design: Prospective, observational case series.

Participants: Twenty-three patients affected by EMAP.