High genetic structure of Spondias mombin in Brazil revealed with SNP markers.

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) is an arboreal and allogamous fruit tree native from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil, with great potential for economic exploitation. This study aimed to evaluate the structure and genomic diversity of yellow mombin accessions collected in nine locations in Brazil using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) markers.

Training set optimization is a feasible alternative for perennial orphan crop domestication and germplasm management: an example.

Orphan perennial native species are gaining importance as sustainability in agriculture becomes crucial to mitigate climate change. Nevertheless, issues related to the undomesticated status and lack of improved germplasm impede the evolution of formal agricultural initiatives. - neotropical palm with potential for oil production - is an example.

Population genetics and genomics of Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in an area of high pressure of domiciliary infestation in Northeastern Brazil.

Understanding the population dynamics of vectors is crucial for effective control of vector-borne diseases. In the Northeastern Brazilian semi-arid region, Triatoma brasiliensis persists as the most significant Chagas disease vector, frequently displaying recurrent domiciliary infestations. This situation raises relevant public health concerns in the municipality of Currais Novos in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Tropical forest loss and geographic location drive the functional genomic diversity of an endangered palm tree.

Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations.

Population genomics of fall armyworm by genotyping-by-sequencing: Implications for pest management.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a significant pest of many crops in the world and it is native to the Americas, where the species has shown the ability to rapidly evolve resistance to insecticides and transgenic plants. Despite the importance of this species, there is a gap in the knowledge regarding the genetic structure of FAW in South America. Here, we examined the genetic diversity of FAW populations across a wide agricultural area of Brazil and Argentina using a Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approach.

Population genomics of the neotropical palm Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore: Implications for conservation.

Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore is a palm tree native to Brazil.

Complete chloroplast genomes and phylogeny in three Euterpe palms (E. edulis, E. oleracea and E. precatoria) from different Brazilian biomes.

The Brazilian palm fruits and hearts-of-palm of Euterpe edulis, E. oleracea and E. precatoria are an important source for agro-industrial production, due to overexploitation, conservation strategies are required to maintain genetic diversity.

Maize dispersal patterns associated with different types of endosperm and migration of indigenous groups in lowland South America.

Background And Aims: The lowlands of South America appear to be remarkably important in the evolutionary history of maize, due to new evidence that suggests that maize dispersed from Mexico and arrived in this region in a state of partial domestication. This study aimed to identify dispersal patterns of maize genetic diversity in this part of the continent.

Methods: A total of 170 maize accessions were characterized with 4398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analysed to determine if maize dispersal was associated with types of endosperm and indigenous language families.

Selective signatures and high genome-wide diversity in traditional Brazilian manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties.

Knowledge about genetic diversity is essential to promote effective use and conservation of crops, because it enables farmers to adapt their crops to specific needs and is the raw material for breeding. Manioc (Manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) is one of the world's major food crops and has the potential to help achieve food security in the context of on-going climate changes.

Genome-wide SNP analysis to assess the genetic population structure and diversity of Acrocomia species.

Acrocomia (Arecaceae) is a genus widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America that has been achieving economic interest due to the great potential of oil production of some of its species. In particular A. aculeata, due to its vocation to supply oil with the same productive capacity as the oil palm (Elaeis guineenses) even in areas with water deficit.

High-Resolution Linkage Map With Allele Dosage Allows the Identification of Regions Governing Complex Traits and Apospory in Guinea Grass ().

Forage grasses are mainly used in animal feed to fatten cattle and dairy herds, and guinea grass () is considered one of the most productive of the tropical forage crops that reproduce by seeds. Due to the recent process of domestication, this species has several genomic complexities, such as autotetraploidy and aposporous apomixis. Consequently, approaches that relate phenotypic and genotypic data are incipient.

A population genomics appraisal suggests independent dispersals for bitter and sweet manioc in Brazilian Amazonia.

Amazonia is a major world centre of plant domestication, but the genetics of domestication remains unclear for most Amazonian crops. Manioc () is the most important staple food crop that originated in this region. Although manioc is relatively well-studied, little is known about the diversification of bitter and sweet landraces and how they were dispersed across Amazonia.

Diatraea saccharalis history of colonization in the Americas. The case for human-mediated dispersal.

The sugarcane borer moth, Diatraea saccharalis, is one of the most important pests of sugarcane and maize crops in the Western Hemisphere. The pest is widespread throughout South and Central America, the Caribbean region and the southern United States. One of the most intriguing features of D.

Monitoring of the field application of Metarhizium anisopliae in Brazil revealed high molecular diversity of Metarhizium spp in insects, soil and sugarcane roots.

The use of Metarhizium against sugarcane spittlebugs in Brazil is one of the most successful and long lasting biological control programs using entomopathogenic fungus in the world. However, studies to monitor the fate of this fungus on the sugarcane agroecosystem are rare, especially with respect to its persistence, efficacy in pest control and impact on the local populations of Metarhizium. The present study aimed at documenting the efficacy and persistence of M.

Paternity analysis, pollen flow, and spatial genetic structure of a natural population of in the Brazilian Amazon.

, known as açaí do Amazonas, is a regionally important palm of the Amazon rainforest for the fruit production through extractive agriculture. Little information is available with regard to genetic diversity, gene flow, and spatial genetic structure (SGS) of açaí populations, which are essential for the use, management, and conservation of genetic resources of the species. This research aimed to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding level, SGS, and gene flow in four ontogenetic stages of a natural population in the Brazilian Amazon, based on 18 microsatellite loci.

Genetic structure of two species in Chaco areas: A lack of allelic diversity diagnosis and insights into the allelic conservation of the affected species.

The Gran Chaco is the largest continuous region of the South American dry forest, spanning Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. and are typical tree species of chaquenian area forests, which have been subjected to continuous fragmentation caused by cattle raising. This study evaluated and in areas with varying levels of disturbance.

Highly structured genetic diversity of Bixa orellana var. urucurana, the wild ancestor of annatto, in Brazilian Amazonia.

Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a tropical American crop, commercially valuable due to its application in the food and cosmetics industries as a natural dye. The wild ancestor of cultivated annatto is B.

Patterns of nuclear and chloroplast genetic diversity and structure of manioc along major Brazilian Amazonian rivers.

Background And Aims: Amazonia is a major world centre of plant domestication, but little is known about how the crops were dispersed across the region. Manioc (Manihot esculenta) was domesticated in the south-western Amazon basin, and is the most important staple food crop that originated in Amazonia. Current contrasting distributions may reflect distinct histories of dispersal of bitter and sweet manioc landraces.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Brazilian populations of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the evolutionary relationship among species of Diatraea Guilding.

The sugarcane borer or corn stalk borer, Diatraea Guilding is polyphagous insect pest of many important crops such as corn, sorghum and sugarcane. Losses arising from the attack of Diatraea species have been a serious problem, which may cause loss in sugarcane production around 0.25% in sugar, 0.

High genetic diversity among and within bitter manioc varieties cultivated in different soil types in Central Amazonia.

Although manioc is well adapted to nutrient-poor Oxisols of Amazonia, ethnobotanical observations show that bitter manioc is also frequently cultivated in the highly fertile soils of the floodplains and Amazonian dark earths (ADE) along the middle Madeira River. Because different sets of varieties are grown in each soil type, and there are agronomic similarities between ADE and floodplain varieties, it was hypothesized that varieties grown in ADE and floodplain were more closely related to each other than either is to varieties grown in Oxisols. We tested this hypothesis evaluating the intra-varietal genetic diversity and the genetic relationships among manioc varieties commonly cultivated in Oxisols, ADE and floodplain soils.

Genetic variability within and among populations of an invasive, exotic orchid.

Despite the fact that invasive species are of great evolutionary interest because of their success in colonizing and spreading into new areas, the factors underlying this success often remain obscure. In this sense, studies on population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of invasive species could offer insights into mechanisms of invasions. Originally from Africa, the terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata, considered an invasive plant, is the only species of the genus throughout the Americas.

Demographics and genetic variability of the new world bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) and the old world bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in Brazil.

Helicoverpa armigera is one of the primary agricultural pests in the Old World, whereas H. zea is predominant in the New World. However, H.