Maternal Early Overfeeding Negatively Impacts Cardiac Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Cardiomyocyte Maturation in the Neonatal Offspring.

Introduction: Maternal obesity has been positively correlated with an increased cardiometabolic risk in the offspring throughout life, implying intergenerational transmission. However, little is known about the early-life cardiac cell modifications that imply the onset of heart diseases later in life. This study analyzed cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocyte differentiation on day of birth in the offspring born to obese dams.

Mitochondria in colorectal cancer stem cells - a target in drug resistance.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. In late diagnosis, CRC can resist therapy regimens in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are intimately related. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance, metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatments.

Secretome effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells cultured two-dimensionally and three-dimensionally in mice with streptozocin induced type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To analyze therapeutic potential of the conditioned medium from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) cultivated in 2D (CM-2D) and 3D (CM-3D) models, in mice with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) induced by streptozotocin.

Main Methods: Viability andCD105 expression of 2D and 3D ASC were analyzed by flow cytometry. T1D was induced in mice by multiple injections of streptozocin.

Hypoxia effects on cancer stem cell phenotype in colorectal cancer: a mini-review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked third most incident and second most deadly around the world, and even though treatments significantly developed over the years, overall survival remains low. This scenario has the contribution of cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of the heterogeneous tumor bulk, considered to be responsible for the tumor maintenance, conventional therapies resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. In this regard, hypoxia appears as an important component of tumor microenvironment and CSC niche, being associated with a worse prognosis.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation ameliorates renal injury through anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in chronic experimental renovascular disease.

Background: Progressive renal fibrosis is an underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD) evolution. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the remodeling of fibrotic kidney parenchyma in the two kidneys-one clip (2K1C) CKD animal model.

Methods: Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: Sham, 2K1C, and 2K1C þ MSC.

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium treatment in mice with cholestatic liver fibrosis.

Aims: The purpose of this work was to study the effects of mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (MSC CM) treatment in animals with cholestatic liver fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: We induced cholestatic liver fibrosis by bile duct ligation in C57Bl/6 mice. In the 5th and 6th days after bile duct ligation proceeding, conditioned medium obtained of cultures of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue was injected in the animals.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 short-period therapy stimulates bone marrow cells in obese swiss mice.

Bone marrow cells (BMCs) from obese Swiss mice fed with Western diet show mitochondrial dysfunction. Obesity interferes with BMCs disrupting energetic metabolism, stimulating apoptosis, and reducing cell proliferation since adipose tissue releases inflammatory adipokines into the medullar microenvironment. These changes lead to reduction of BMC differentiation capacity and hematopoiesis impairment, a process responsible for blood cell continuous production through hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple organs affected by COVID-19.

Currently, the world has been devastated by an unprecedented pandemic in this century. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been causing disorders, dysfunction and morphophysiological alterations in multiple organs as the disease evolves. There is a great scientific community effort to obtain a therapy capable of reaching the multiple affected organs in order to contribute for tissue repair and regeneration.

Tomographic and histomorphometric evaluation of socket healing after tooth extraction using leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin: A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial.

The use of platelet concentrate in alveolar ridge preservation has been broadly studied. However, no randomized clinical trials with histomorphometric analysis and low risk of bias are available in the literature. We conducted a prospective, single-blind, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in socket preservation after tooth extraction.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 short-period therapy improves cardiomyopathy stimulating cardiac progenitor cells survival in obese mice.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in obesity. Despite advanced understanding, the mechanisms that regulate cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) survival in pathological conditions are not clear. Low IGF-1 plasma levels are correlated to obesity, cardiomyopathy and CPC death, so this work aimed to investigate IGF-1 therapeutic potential on cardiomyopathy and its relationship with the survival, proliferation and differentiation of CPC in Western diet-induced obesity.

Mechanisms Underlying Cell Therapy in Liver Fibrosis: An Overview.

Fibrosis is a common feature in most pathogenetic processes in the liver, and usually results from a chronic insult that depletes the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and activates multiple inflammatory pathways, recruiting resident and circulating immune cells, endothelial cells, non-parenchymal hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts, which become activated and lead to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. The ongoing development of liver fibrosis results in a clinically silent and progressive loss of hepatocyte function, demanding the constant need for liver transplantation in clinical practice, and motivating the search for other treatments as the chances of obtaining compatible viable livers become scarcer. Although initially cell therapy has emerged as a plausible alternative to organ transplantation, many factors still challenge the establishment of this technique as a main or even additional therapeutic tool.

Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation rescues the glomerular filtration barrier and epithelial cellular junctions in a renovascular hypertension model.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can a single bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplant into the subcapsular region of kidney improve cellular communication and adhesion, while restoring renal tissue cytoarchitecture and function during renovascular hypertension? What is the main finding and its importance? The BMMC transplantation restored connexin 40 expression and led to recovery of N- and E-cadherin levels within 15 days. It was observed, for the first time, that BMMC transplantation restores expression of nephrin, a component of the glomerular filtration barrier related to podocytes and the glomerular basal membrane.

Abstract: Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for renal diseases owing to the regenerative potential of stem cells.

Neonatal overfeeding impairs differentiation potential of mice subcutaneous adipose mesenchymal stem cells.

Nutritional changes in the development (intrauterine life and postnatal period) may trigger long-term pathophysiological complications such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic programming leads to organs and tissues modifications, including adipose tissue, with increased lipogenesis, production of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased glucose uptake. However, stem cells participation in adipose tissue dysfunctions triggered by overfeeding during lactation has not been elucidated.

Hematopoietic changes in the offspring induced by maternal overweight: Effect on placenta and fetal liver populations.

Introduction: Bone marrow cells (BMC) from obese adult mice display an increased apoptosis rate over proliferation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) form all blood cells and are important BMC used in cell therapy. Because it is known that prenatal development can be affected by adverse metabolic epigenetic programming from the maternal organism, this work aimed to investigate the effects of maternal overweight on placenta and fetal liver hematopoietic niches.

Cytokines, hepatic cell profiling and cell interactions during bone marrow cell therapy for liver fibrosis in cholestatic mice.

Bone marrow cells (BMC) migrate to the injured liver after transplantation, contributing to regeneration through multiple pathways, but mechanisms involved are unclear. This work aimed to study BMC migration, characterize cytokine profile, cell populations and proliferation in mice with liver fibrosis transplanted with GFP+ BMC. Confocal microscopy analysis showed GFP+ BMC near regions expressing HGF and SDF-1 in the fibrotic liver.

Transplantation of bone marrow-derived MSCs improves renal function and Na+K-ATPase activity in rats with renovascular hypertension.

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is a progressive disease, leading to chronic kidney disease when untreated and no specific treatment is available. Therefore, development of new therapeutic modalities is imperative. RVH is triggered by renal artery stenosis and subsequent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation; it can be experimentally induced by the 2 Kidneys-1 Clip (2K1C) model.

Overnutrition during lactation leads to impairment in insulin signaling, up-regulation of GLUT1 and increased mitochondrial carbohydrate oxidation in heart of weaned mice.

Several studies have demonstrated that overnutrition during early postnatal period can increase the long-term risk of developing obesity and cardiac disorders, yet the short-term effects of postnatal overfeeding in cardiac metabolism remains unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the cardiac metabolism of weaned mice submitted to overnutrition during lactation, particularly as to mitochondrial function, substrate preference and insulin signaling. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by litter size reduction in mice at postnatal day 3.

Structural and ultrastructural evaluation of the aortic wall after transplantation of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) in a model for atherosclerosis.

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and display the paracrine effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of therapy with bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) on glucose, lipid metabolism, and aortic wall remodeling in mice through the administration of a high-fat diet and subsequent BMCs transplantation. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (CO group) or an atherogenic diet (AT group).

Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation improves mitochondrial bioenergetics in the liver of cholestatic rats.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with liver cholestatis. Toxic bile salt accumulation leads to chronic injury with mitochondrial damage, ROS increase and apoptosis, resulting in liver dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze mitochondrial bioenergetics in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) after BMMNC transplantation.

Remodeling of the thoracic aorta after bone marrow cell transplantation.

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and display the paracrine effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of therapy with bone marrow cells (BMCs) on blood glucose, lipid metabolism and aortic wall remodeling in mice through the administration of a high fat diet and subsequent BMCs transplantation. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (CO group) or an atherogenic diet (AT group).

Impaired mitochondrial function and reduced viability in bone marrow cells of obese mice.

Bone marrow cells (BMCs) are the main type of cells used for transplantation therapies. Obesity, a major world health problem, has been demonstrated to affect various tissues, including bone marrow. This could compromise the success of such therapies.

Heart energy metabolism impairment in Western-diet induced obese mice.

Nutritional transition has contributed to growing obesity, mainly by changing eating habits of the population. The mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity leads to cardiac injury are not completely understood, but it is known that obesity is associated to impaired cardiac function and energy metabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism impairment related to Western diet-induced obesity.

Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation increases metalloproteinase-9 and 13 and decreases tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and 2 expression in the liver of cholestatic rats.

Liver fibrosis results from chronic injury followed by activation of macrophages and fibrogenic cells like myofibroblasts and activated hepatic stellate cells. These fibrogenic cells express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and produce excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), with disorganization and loss of function of hepatic parenchyma. It is known that increased levels of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in liver fibrosis are associated with reduction of the pathologic ECM and fibrosis resolution.

Bone marrow cell transplantation is associated with fibrogenic cells apoptosis during hepatic regeneration in cholestatic rats.

Liver fibrosis is accompanied by hepatocyte death and proliferation of α-SMA(+) fibrogenic cells (activated hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts), which synthesize extracellular matrix components that contribute to disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma and loss of liver function. Therefore, apoptosis of these fibrogenic cells is important to hepatic regeneration. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cell therapy using bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation on α-SMA expression and on apoptosis of hepatic cells during liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL).

Laminin expression during bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in hepatectomized rats.

The adult bone marrow retains two populations of stem cells with emerging importance for the treatment of diverse liver diseases: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the mechanisms that control liver regeneration after bone marrow cell transplantation are still controversial. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a complex process that requires the proliferation of all hepatic cells.