Coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a multicentre case-control study from Italy and Spain.

Background: Coffee contains many bioactive substances that can play a role on colorectal cancer. Epidemiological evidence of coffee intake and colorectal cancer is, however, inconsistent.

Aim: To provide further information on the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to coffee consumption.

Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma.

Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms whose aetiology is largely unknown. Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are potential risk factors for STS.

Objectives: To investigate the relation of 17 PCBs congeners, assessed in human plasma, with STS risk.

The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Gaps in the Evidence and Research Challenges.

In this article, we critically evaluate the evidence relating to the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Strong evidence indicating that the MD prevents CVD has come from prospective cohort studies. However, there is only weak supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as none have compared subjects who follow an MD and those who do not.

Adherence to the Traditional Mediterranean Diet and Human Milk Composition: Rationale, Design, and Subject Characteristics of the MEDIDIET Study.

Knowledge about how a lactating woman's diet influences the composition of her breast milk is still very limited. In particular, no study has evaluated the role of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on human milk characteristics. We carried out an observational study to investigate the influence of mother adherence to a Mediterranean diet on her breast milk composition.

Coffee Drinking and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Several compounds contained in coffee have been found to suppress carcinogenesis in experimental studies. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to assess the impact of coffee consumption on the risk of endometrial cancer.

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies published up to August 2016.

Bladder cancer risk in users of selected drugs for cardiovascular disease prevention.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between bladder cancer risk and the use of selected drugs for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, such as aspirin, statins, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). We analyzed data from a multicentric case-control study carried out in Italy between 2003 and 2014, including 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls. Odds ratios (ORs) of bladder cancer and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models.

Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Purpose: To provide evidence of the relationship of Mediterranean diet (MD) on incidence/mortality for cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary/ischemic heart disease (CHD)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) by sex, geographic region, study design and type of MD score (MDS).

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Associations of dietary carbohydrates, glycaemic index and glycaemic load with risk of bladder cancer: a case-control study.

Carbohydrate foods with high glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL) may negatively influence cancer risk. We studied the association of dietary carbohydrates, GI, GL, intake of bread and pasta with risk of bladder cancer using data from an Italian case-control study. The study included 578 men and women with histologically confirmed bladder cancer and 608 controls admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic conditions.

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and colorectal cancer risk.

Background: The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) released in 2007 eight recommendations for cancer prevention on body fatness, diet and physical activity. Our aim is to evaluate the relation between adherence to these recommendations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

Methods: We pooled data from two Italian case-control studies including overall 2419 patients with CRC and 4723 controls.

Dietary inflammatory index and acute myocardial infarction in a large Italian case-control study.

Background: Diet and inflammation have been implicated to play a role in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: In this Italian case-control study conducted between 1995 and 2003, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DIITM) and AMI. Cases were 760 patients, below age 79 years, with a first episode of nonfatal AMI and controls were 682 patients admitted to hospital for acute conditions unrelated to diet.

Processed Meat and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Three Italian Case-Control Studies.

To add evidence to the limited data available from southern Europe, we assessed the association between processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk. We analyzed data from three case-control studies conducted between 1985 and 2010 in various Italian areas, including a total of 3745 incident cases and 6804 hospital-based controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional multiple logistic regression models.

Family history of cancer and the risk of bladder cancer: A case-control study from Italy.

Background: A family history of bladder cancer has been associated with the risk of bladder cancer, but quantification of the excess risk in different populations is still a relevant issue. Further, the role of a family history of other cancers on the risk of bladder cancer remains unclear.

Methods: We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study, including 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls.

Coffee and cancer risk: a summary overview.

We reviewed available evidence on coffee drinking and the risk of all cancers and selected cancers updated to May 2016. Coffee consumption is not associated with overall cancer risk. A meta-analysis reported a pooled relative risk (RR) for an increment of 1 cup of coffee/day of 1.

Frequency of Pregnancy Related Cancer: A Population Based Linkage Study in Lombardy, Italy.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to estimate the occurrence of pregnancy-associated cancer overall and by site, to evaluate if the risk increases over time, and to investigate some major determinants.

Methods: This is a population-based linkage study using the regional hospital discharge forms [Scheda di Dimissione Ospedaliera (SDO)] database of Lombardy, Italy, a region with 10 million inhabitants. All resident women with a SDO reporting a birth or abortion between 2001 and 2012 were identified.

Dietary water intake and bladder cancer risk: An Italian case-control study.

Previous studies on the relationship between fluid intake and risk of bladder cancer have generally focused on beverages, and results have been inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between water intake and bladder cancer risk, considering water from both beverages and foods. Between 2003 and 2014 we conducted a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Italy on 690 cases and 665 frequency-matched controls.

Type 2 Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Two Case-Control Studies from Italy and Spain.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with an excess risk of colorectal cancer, although the time-risk relationship is unclear, and there is limited information on the role of antidiabetic medications.

Aim: We examined the association between type 2 diabetes, antidiabetic medications, and the risk of colorectal cancer, considering also duration of exposures.

Methods: We analyzed data derived from two companion case-control studies conducted in Italy and Spain between 2007 and 2013 on 1,147 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases and 1,594 corresponding controls.

Dietary antioxidant capacity and risk for stroke in a prospective cohort study of Swedish men and women.

Objective: Both observational studies and randomized trials have shown that a diet rich in antioxidants can reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, two conditions that, together with obesity and smoking, are established risk factors for stroke. However, the association between antioxidant intake and risk for stroke is poorly understood, particularly when studying possible interaction with sex. We investigated the relationship of nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) on risk for stroke in a large Swedish prospective cohort.

Mediterranean diet and colorectal cancer risk: a pooled analysis of three Italian case-control studies.

Background: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduced risk of several cancers. However, studies conducted in Mediterranean regions are scanty.

Methods: To investigate the relation between MD and colorectal cancer risk in Italy, we pooled data from three case-control studies, including a total of 3745 colorectal cancer cases and 6804 hospital controls.

Colorectal Cancer and Long-Term Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Spain and Italy.

Background: Evidence on the association between colorectal cancer and exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water is inconsistent.

Objectives: We assessed long-term exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), the most prevalent group of chlorination by-products, to evaluate the association with colorectal cancer.

Methods: A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Spain and Italy in 2008-2013.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and pancreatic cancer risk: an Italian case-control study.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Diet may be associated with pancreatic cancer, but it is unknown whether specific dietary components contribute to its risk. The potential differential role of dietary antioxidants warrants further investigation.

Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

An inverse association has been reported between coffee drinking and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD), but its magnitude is still unclear. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of HCC or CLD. We separately estimated the relative risk (RR) of the two conditions, for regular, low, and high consumption compared with no or occasional coffee consumption; we also calculated the summary RR for an increment of one cup of coffee per day.

Colorectal cancer risk and nitrate exposure through drinking water and diet.

Ingested nitrate leads to the endogenous synthesis of N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), animal carcinogens with limited human evidence. We aimed to evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with nitrate exposure in drinking water and diet. A case-control study in Spain and Italy during 2008-2013 was conducted.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity in relation to endometrial cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy.

Purpose: To investigate the role of the overall antioxidant activity of diet, we estimated the relation between three dietary indices of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and endometrial cancer risk

Methods: We analyzed data from an Italian case-control study including 454 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer, and 908 frequency-matched controls admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute non-neoplastic conditions. A reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire was used to assess subjects' habitual diet. TAC was measured using Italian food composition tables in terms of Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP).

Allium vegetables and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Scope: To provide updated quantitative overall estimations of the relation between total allium, garlic, and onion intake on the risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT).

Methods And Results: We combined data of published observational studies (21 case-control and four cohort studies), using a meta-analytic approach and random effects models. The overall relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT were 0.

Coffee, Tea, Cola, and Bladder Cancer Risk: Dose and Time Relationships.

Objective: To further analyze the relation between coffee, tea, and energy drinks and bladder cancer risk, considering dose, duration, and other time-related factors.

Methods And Results: A multicentric case-control study on 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls was conducted in Italy between 2003 and 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer were estimated using multiple logistic regression models.