The Role of microRNA Expression and DNA Methylation in HPV-Related Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major etiologic factor in cervical cancer, a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. The role of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in cervical carcinogenesis is still largely unknown, but epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and miRNA regulation, are crucial factors. The integration of HPV DNA into the host genome can lead to alterations in DNA methylation patterns and miRNA expression, contributing to the progression from normal epithelium to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and, ultimately, to cervical cancer.

Perception about benefits and risks related to combined hormonal contraceptives use in women with Lynch syndrome.

Objective: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition associated with an increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of women with LS regarding combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use compared to a control group of healthy women.

Methods: Pre-menopausal women with LS ( = 43) and an age-matched control group of healthy women ( = 128) participated in this prospective, cross-sectional study (NCT05909410).

Indoor Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Virus by Liquid Hyperoxygen.

The possible future emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 virus variants pushes the development of new chemoprophylaxis protocols complementary to the unspecific and specific immune-prophylaxis measures currently used. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is particularly sensitive to oxidation, due to the relevant positive electrical charge of its spike protein used as a ligand for target cells. The present study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new oxidant preparation, liquid hyperoxygen (IOL), to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

SARS-CoV-2 presence in recreational seawater and evaluation of intestine permeability: experimental evidence of low impact on public health.

Introduction: Coastal seawater pollution poses a public health risk due to the potential ingestion of contaminated water during recreational activities. Wastewater-based epidemiology has revealed the abundant presence of SARS-CoV-2 in seawater emitted from wastewater outlets. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of seawater on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity to assess the safety of recreational activities in seawater.

Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Action of Chrysotile Asbestos in MRC5 Cell Line.

Asbestos is a known carcinogen; however, the influence of chrysotile asbestos on the development of tumor-related diseases remains a subject of intense debate within the scientific community. To analyze the effect of asbestos, we conducted a study using the MRC5 cell line. We were able to demonstrate that chrysotile asbestos stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cell death and DNA damage in the MRC5 cell line, using various techniques such as ROS measurement, comet assay, MTT assay, and qPCR.

Study on the prevalence and subtypes of human papillomavirus infection among women in the Xuhui District, Shanghai City, China.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause various gynecological diseases, create a long-term inflammatory immune microenvironment, and induce the occurrence of cervical tumors. However, the prevalence of HPV is species-specific in different eras or in different countries and regions. This paper aimed to investigate the characteristics of HPV infection in the Xuhui District, Shanghai City, China.

Anticancer Activity of Measles-Mumps-Rubella MMR Vaccine Viruses against Glioblastoma.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been utilized since 1990s for targeted cancer treatment. Our study examined the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine's cancer-killing potency against Glioblastoma (GBM), a therapy-resistant, aggressive cancer type.

Methodology: We used GBM cell lines, primary GBM cells, and normal mice microglial cells, to assess the MMR vaccine's efficacy through cell viability, cell cycle analysis, intracellular viral load via RT-PCR, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Let-7a Downregulation Accompanied by KRAS Mutation Is Predictive of Lung Cancer Onset in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice.

Background: Let-7 is a tumor suppressor microRNA targeting the KRAS lung oncogene. Let-7a downregulation is reversible during the early stages of lung carcinogenesis but is irreversible in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between oncogene (KRAS) mutation and let-7a downregulation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung carcinogenesis.

Modulation of Ferroptosis by microRNAs in Human Cancer.

Ferroptosis is a cell death pathway triggered by an imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which plays an emerging role in tumorigenesis. It is mainly regulated at three different levels including iron metabolism, the antioxidant response, and lipid metabolism. Epigenetic dysregulation is a "hallmark" of human cancer, with nearly half of all human cancers harboring mutations in epigenetic regulators such as microRNA.

Screening of Precancerous Lesions in Women with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection by Molecular Typing and MicroRNA Analysis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causatively associated with cervical cancer, the fourth most common malignant disease of women worldwide: (1) The aim of the proposed study is to implement routine diagnostics of HPV precancerous cervical lesions by introducing new molecular diagnostic tools. (2) Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with a total of twenty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical samples of various sample type (nine biopsy and thirteen conization) each patient had a previous abnormal results of pap test or HPV DNA test. Genotyping, viral load and co-infections were determined.

Importance of Punctual Monitoring to Evaluate the Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter.

Particulate matter (PM) pollution is one of the major public health problems worldwide, given the high mortality attributable to exposure to PM pollution and the high pathogenicity that is found above all in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. The main sources of PM pollution are the daily use of fuels (wood, coal, organic residues) in appliances without emissions abatement systems, industrial emissions, and vehicular traffic. This review aims to investigate the causes of PM pollution and classify the different types of dust based on their size.

The Relationship between Exposure to Airborne Particulate and DNA Adducts in Blood Cells in an Urban Population of Subjects with an Unhealthy Body Mass Index.

Bulky DNA adducts are a combined sign of aromatic chemical exposure, as well as an individual's ability to metabolically activate carcinogens and repair DNA damage. The present study aims to investigate the association between PM exposure and DNA adducts in blood cells, in a population of 196 adults with an unhealthy BMI (≥25). For each subject, a DNA sample was obtained for quantification of DNA adducts by sensitiveP post-labelling methods.

Special Issue: "Role of MicroRNA in Cancer Development and Treatment".

Exposure to environmental contaminants may lead to changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in several health effects [...

Efficacy of High-Ozonide Oil in Prevention of Cancer Relapses Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.

Background: Cancer tissue is characterized by low oxygen availability triggering neo angiogenesis and metastatisation. Accordingly, oxidation is a possible strategy for counteracting cancer progression and relapses. Previous studies used ozone gas, administered by invasive methods, both in experimental animals and clinical studies, transiently decreasing cancer growth.

MicroRNA Alterations Induced in Human Skin by Diesel Fumes, Ozone, and UV Radiation.

Epigenetic alterations are a driving force of the carcinogenesis process. MicroRNAs play a role in silencing mutated oncogenes, thus defending the cell against the adverse consequences of genotoxic damages induced by environmental pollutants. These processes have been well investigated in lungs; however, although skin is directly exposed to a great variety of environmental pollutants, more research is needed to better understand the effect on cutaneous tissue.

The Interaction among Microbiota, Epigenetic Regulation, and Air Pollutants in Disease Prevention.

Environmental pollutants can influence microbiota variety, with important implications for the general wellbeing of organisms. In subjects at high-risk of cancer, gut, and lung microbiota are distinct from those of low-risk subjects, and disease progression is associated with microbiota alterations. As with many inflammatory diseases, it is the combination of specific host and environmental factors in certain individuals that provokes disease outcomes.

MicroRNAs in Peri-implant Crevicular Fluid Can Predict Peri-implant Bone Resorption: Clinical Trial with a 5-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of microRNAs (miRNAs) found in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in the prognosis of peri-implant bone resorption.

Materials And Methods: Seven patients were rehabilitated with fixed partial dentures each supported by two dental implants (total of 14 implants). At 3 months post-implant insertion, a sample of peri-implant mucosa and a sample of PICF were taken at each implant site.

Identification by MicroRNA Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors Bearing Pathogenic Relevance in Non-Smoker Lung Cancer.

MicroRNA and DNA adduct biomarkers may be used to identify the contribution of environmental pollution to some types of cancers. The aim of this study was to use integrated DNA adducts and microRNAs analyses to study retrospectively the contribution of exposures to environmental carcinogens to lung cancer in 64 non-smokers living in Sicily and Catania city near to the Etna volcano. MicroRNAs were extracted from cancer lung biopsies, and from the surrounding lung normal tissue.

Simulated Microgravity Effects on Human Adenocarcinoma Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Characterization of Morphological, Functional, and Epigenetic Parameters.

Background: In space, the reduction or loss of the gravity vector greatly affects the interaction between cells. Since the beginning of the space age, microgravity has been identified as an informative tool in biomedicine, including cancer research. The A549 cell line is a hypotriploid human alveolar basal epithelial cell line widely used as a model for lung adenocarcinoma.

Occupational Exposures and Environmental Health Hazards of Military Personnel.

Background: Military personnel are frequently exposed to environmental pollutants that can cause a variety of diseases.

Methods: This review analyzed publications regarding epidemiological and biomonitoring studies on occupationally-exposed military personnel.

Results: The exposures include sulfur mustard, organ chlorines, combustion products, fuel vapors, and ionizing and exciting radiations.

Prevention of Covid-19 Infection and Related Complications by Ozonized Oils.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the human population; therefore, multiple prevention and intervention protocols are being rapidly developed. The aim of our study was to develop a new chemo-prophylactic/-therapeutic strategy that effectively prevents COVID-19 and related complications.

Methods: In in vitro studies, COVID-19 infection-sensitive cells were incubated with human oropharyngeal fluids containing high SARS-CoV-2 loads.

Relationship between the miRNA Profiles and Oncogene Mutations in Non-Smoker Lung Cancer. Relevance for Lung Cancer Personalized Screenings and Treatments.

Oncogene mutations may be drivers of the carcinogenesis process. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations may be adaptive or pathogenic and can have consequences only when mutation in the controlled oncogenes occurs. The aim of this research was to analyze the interplay between miRNA expression and oncogene mutation.

Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health.

The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary.

Potential Role of miRNAs in the Acquisition of Chemoresistance in Neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for about 8-10% of pediatric cancers, and the main causes of death are the presence of metastases and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Metastatic NB is characterized by amplification that correlates with changes in the expression of miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNA sequences, playing a crucial role in NB development and chemoresistance. In the present study, miRNA expression was analyzed in two human -amplified NB cell lines, one sensitive (HTLA-230) and one resistant to Etoposide (ER-HTLA), by microarray and RT-qPCR techniques.