Hypothermic Machine Perfusion and Spontaneous Kidney Allograft Rupture: Causation or Correlation? A Case Report and Review of Pertinent Literature.

Background: Spontaneous kidney allograft rupture (KAR) is a severe complication of kidney transplant. KAR occurs when no identifiable injuries noted at the time of the organ retrieval are present. KAR is associated with acute rejection, renal vein thrombosis, severe acute tubular necrosis, or trauma.

Oncofertility and Reproductive Counseling in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients is of utmost importance in terms of increasing survival rates. Modern medicine has therefore prioritized better quality of life for patients, even after the disease, through a better management of the potential long-term side effects induced by anticancer treatments. Fertility preservation and family planning are therefore crucial issues to be addressed in all cancer patients of reproductive age.

Longitudinal monitoring of mRNA levels of regulatory T cell biomarkers by using non-invasive strategies to predict outcome in renal transplantation.

Background: Acute T-cell mediated rejection (aTCMR) is still an issue in kidney transplantation, for it is associated with chronic rejection, graft loss, and overall worse outcomes. For these reasons, a standard non-invasive molecular tool to detect is desirable to offer a simpler monitoring of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The purpose of our study was to examine, in peripheral blood before and after transplantation, the expression patterns of regulatory T cell (Treg)-related genes: the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and the two CTLA-4 isoforms (full-length and soluble) to predict acute rejection onset, de novo donor-specific antibodies (DSA) development and renal dysfunction 1 year after transplantation.

Early-Isolated V Lesion in Kidney Allograft: Acute Rejection or Ischemic Injury? A Case Report of Primary Nonfunction and Graft Loss.

Intimal arteritis (v-lesion) is a negative prognostic factor for kidney allograft survival. Early isolated v-lesions do not always represent a pathologic marker of acute T cell- or antibody-mediated rejection. In particular, in the case of transplant negative for C4d and donor-specific antibodies, such a finding can suggest an ischemic-reperfusion injury.

Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis: A Case Report of Functional Recovery Six Months After Angioplasty.

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a common vascular complication after kidney transplantation, leading to worsening or refractory hypertension, deterioration in renal function, and possible cause of graft loss. Early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment are crucial for organ preservation. Endovascular treatment, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, is considered the first-line therapy for TRAS.

Primary malignant melanoma of the bowel diagnosed following a bowel intussusception in an adult patient. A case report and review of the literatureport.

Aim: Primary small bowel melanoma is a very rare clinical entity with a paucity of publications in literature. Most cases of gastrointestinal melanomas are metastatic lesions arising generally from primary lesion of the skin, eyes, or anus. We present a case of a small bowel intussusception with primary malignant melanoma as lead point and a gluteal melanoma metastasis after four years free from disease.

Follow-up and Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Experience of an Italian Transplant Center, Including Two Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that emerged in China in late 2019 and is now spreading around the world. Social distancing measures were needed to reduce transmission, and lockdown included restricted access to health care facilities. The impact of COVID-19 on transplant recipients is unknown, but considering their immunosuppression status and associated comorbidities, they should be considered a high-risk population.

Standard stapled transanal rectal resection versus stapled transanal rectal resection with one high-volume stapler to prevent complications in the elderly.

Background: The causes of obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) can actually be either functional or mechanical (primary or secondary deficit of the sensitivity, slow bowel transit, pelvic floor dyssynergia, internal and external rectal prolapse, recto-anal intussusceptions, anterior or posterior rectocele and pelvic prolapse of the bladder, uterus, bowel or sigma). The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) procedure performed by a single or double stapler through clinical and functional outcomes for transanal stapled surgery.

Methods: From January 2016 to October 2017, ninety patients with ODS secondary to rectal prolapse, anal-rectal intussusception and anterior rectocele, that underwent to a STARR procedure were enrolled.

Cancer stem cells as functional biomarkers.

According to the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR), a Cancer Stem Cell is a cell within a tumor that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that constitutes the tumor [1]. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are involved in the metastatic process, in the resistance to therapeutic treatments of many types of human cancers and consequently in the onset of recurrences. Numerous translational studies have been conducted to understand CSC characteristics and evaluate association between CSC-related biomarkers and clinical outcomes.

Total fistulectomy, sphincteroplasty and closure of the residual cavity for trans-sphincteric perianal fistula in the elderly patient.

Background: Perianal fistula is a complex and frequent disease. At present, no treatment nor technique has shown an absolute superiority in terms of efficacy and recurrence rate. The technique has to be chosen considering the balance between faecal continence preservation and disease eradication.

Use of the circular compression stapler and circular mechanical stapler in the end-to-side transanal colorectal anastomosis after left colon and rectal resections A single center experience.

Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of the circular compression stapler and the circular mechanical stapler in transanal colorectal anastomosis after left colectomy or anterior rectal resection.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 10 patients with disease of the, sigmoid colon or rectum (carcinoma or diverticular disease) who underwent left colectomy or anterior rectal resection with end-to-side transanal colorectal anastomosis. A follow-up was planned for all patients at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and the anastomosis was evaluated by colonoscopy at 1 year.

Chievitz' juxtaparotid organ, free from cancer.

Introduction: Up to the half of twentieth century, Chievitz organ was considered an embryonal organ, disappearing with growth. But Zenker, in 1953, demonstrated the existence of this organ in adult life, too4.

Review: In this article we review the embryology, the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, the ultrastructure, the functional significance and the pathology of the Chievitz'Juxtaparotid Organ (CJO).

Human Lymphatic Mesenteric Vessels: Morphology and Possible Function of Aminergic and NPY-ergic Nerve Fibers.

Background: The lymphatic vessels have been studied in different organs from a morphological to a clinical point of view. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the catecholaminergic control of the lymphatic circulation is still incomplete. The aim of this work is to study the presence and distribution of the catecholaminergic and NPY-ergic nerve fibers in the whole wall of the human mesenteric lymphatic vessels in order to obtain knowledge about their morphology and functional significance.

A case of symptomatic mass in the right iliac fossa: a Bermuda Triangle which often lies the right diagnosis.

Disease of the iliac fossa can often be accompanied by non-specific symptoms and some of these are exclusively caused by the compression of bulky masses of other neighboring structures. In young women a differential diagnosis is a non trivial task as several possible causes have to be taken into account. Thus, intraligamentary tumors, which are extremely rare finding, are frequently confused with uterus, ovary or intestinal tumors.

Thymectomy and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Unlabelled: Dear Sir The thymus plays a crucial role in the context of cellmediated immunity in the differentiation of T lymphocytes, not only during the embryogenesis and fetal period but also during the adulthood, even after its involution 1,2,3. It has been proved, indeed, that thymectomy in adult rat entails a decrease of the T-lymphocite response to mitogens and eventually its abolition 4,5,6. The removal of the thymus can decrease the activity of T-helper cells but in the same time it might enhance the activity of T-suppressor whose function is depressed in autoimmune diseases 7.

Intraoperative enteroscopy by standard colonoscope with a minimal contamination technique.

About 5% of occult gastrointestinal bleeding derives from small intestinal lesions. The intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE), although the development of double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy reduced the indications, is still valid to locate the bleeding site in some selected cases. An 88-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department with a severe anemia underwent the laparotomic exploration and IOE.

Chronic radiation-induced proctitis: the 4 % formalin application as non-surgical treatment.

Purpose: Radiation proctitis is a known complication following radiation therapy for pelvic malignancy. The majority of cases are treated nonsurgically. Rectal instillation of formalin solution has been described as a successful treatment for chronic radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis resistant to medical treatment.

Combined Burch urethropexy and anterior rectopexy in pelvic organ prolapse: skip the mesh.

Purpose: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common accompaniment of advancing age. Current repair techniques incorporate transvaginal and transabdominal approaches with or without prosthetic mesh insertion. In this paper, we present the short- and medium-term results of a unit policy directed at patients with POP of combined abdominal rectopexy and Burch retropubic urethropexy without the use of prosthetic mesh assessing its safety profile in selected cases.

Long-term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence.

Background And Objective: In patients with fecal incontinence who do not benefit from medical or behavioral treatments sacral nerve stimulation is now considered a first-line procedure. Although the efficacy of treatment appears to be sustained in the short and medium term, the long-term results of therapy are relatively unknown.

Objective: We report the results of chronic sacral nerve stimulation in patients who have had more than 8 years of therapy.

Stapled and conventional Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy: different solutions for different targets.

Purpose: Haemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common anorectal disorders. The aim of this study is to compare the results, over the last 10 years, of stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) with those of standard Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy (M&M). Furthermore, we discuss the proper indications for each technique in terms of the lowest rate of complications and long-term results.

Endoscopical En Bloc resection of a large duodenal adenoma with focal high dysplasia : hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a safe lifting agent in a large duodenal adenoma EMR.

Endoscopic mucosal resection is a potential alternative to surgery when submucosal invasion and lymph node involvement are excluded. We describe an en bloc resection of a large, focal, high-grade tubulovillous nonampullary adenoma of duodenal wall using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a lifting agent.

Chronic hidradenitis suppurativa in the inguinal, perineal and scrotal regions. A case report and review of the literature.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating disease that presents with inflamed lesions in the apocrine glands of the body. The most common locations are the axillary, inguinal and anogenital areas. Hidradenitis suppurativa is caused primarily by follicular occlusion with secondary involvement of the apocrine glands.

Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of diaphragmatic Morgagni hernia. Case report and review of the literature.

Background: Morgagni's hernia is a rare and congenital type of diaphragmatic hernia. The majority of these are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during evaluation or treatment for other conditions. When diagnosis is made surgery is mandatory.