Lateralized embodiment of ambiguous human silhouettes: Data on sex differences.

Whereas the role of observers' sex has already been addressed in research on embodied cognition, so far it has been neglected as regards laterality effects in embodied cognition. Here, we report further analyses of the data used in our paper "Hemispheric asymmetries in the processing of body sides: A study with ambiguous human silhouettes" [1], where participants had to indicate the perceived orientation of silhouettes with ambiguous front/back orientation and handedness presented in the right and left hemifield. Specifically, the variables examined in the associated paper (the number of right- and left-sided silhouettes perceived as front- and back-facing in each hemifield; the number of silhouettes perceived as right- and left-handed in each hemifield) are analyzed by also factoring in participant's sex).

Hemispheric asymmetries in the processing of body sides: A study with ambiguous human silhouettes.

When required to indicate the perceived orientation of pictures of human silhouettes with ambiguous front/back orientation and handedness, both right- and left-handed participants perceive the figures more frequently as right-handed than as left-handed, which seems to indicate an attentional bias towards the right arm of human bodies. Given that past research exploiting the divided visual field paradigm indicated a processing advantage for contralateral body parts in both hemispheres, we tested whether human silhouettes with ambiguous handedness presented in the right visual field would be interpreted more frequently as right-handed compared with those presented in the left visual field. We confirmed the expected lateralised embodiment of ambiguous human bodies, in line with previous studies showing that right and left limbs are processed faster and/or more accurately when presented in the right and left hemifield, respectively.

Both right- and left-handers show a bias to attend others' right arm.

The common-coding hypothesis suggests that the more similar an observed action is to the way the observer would perform it, the stronger is the ensuing activation of motor representations. Therefore, producing actions could prime perception so that observers would be particularly responsive to (i.e.

Sun-induced frowning fosters aggressive feelings.

We tested whether aggressiveness can be triggered by the involuntary frowning that occurs when people face the sun, due to the fact that sun-induced frowning involves the same pattern of facial muscle activation as in the expression of anger (interestingly, Charles Darwin remarked on the sunshade-like nature of frowning). In line with data showing that experimentally and unobtrusively induced facial and body displays facilitate congruent feelings, we found that participants walking against the sun without sunglasses scored higher in a self-report measure of anger and aggression compared to those walking with the sun behind and/or wearing sunglasses. We also suggest that frowning at the sun affects mood very quickly, because we did not find any effect of walking time on self-reported aggressiveness.

Theoretical and experimental exploration of the lipophilicity of zwitterionic drugs in the 1,2-dichloroethane/water system.

Purpose: This work examines the lipophilic behavior of various zwitterions and shows how distribution profiles in biphasic systems and ionic partition diagrams may improve our understanding of pH-absorption profiles of drugs.

Methods: The lipophilicity of various zwitterionic drugs was examined by potentiometry and cyclic voltammetry in the 1,2-dichloroethane/water system to study the intramolecular interactions and conformational effects affecting absorption and activity of zwitterions, as well as to draw their theoretical and experimental ionic partition diagrams.

Results: Different theoretical partition diagrams are reported according to the tautomeric constant of the zwitterion.