Efficacy of weak acid preservatives on spoilage fungi of bakery products.

Organic acids and their salts are usually the first choice in the bread industry to restrict fungal spoilage, but their efficacy is pH-dependent and spoilage by fungi remains as a common threat. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of spoilage fungi of bakery products to acetic, sorbic, and propionic acids at different pH. Penicillium roqueforti, Penicilium paneum, Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aspergillus montevidensis and Hyphopichia burtonii strains isolated from spoiled products had their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) defined by macrodilution.

Comparison of growth and aflatoxin B production profiles of Aspergillus flavus strains on conventional and isogenic GM-maize-based nutritional matrices.

Maize grown in both North and South America are now predominantly genetically modified (GM) cultivars with some resistance to herbicide, pesticide, or both. There is little information on the relative colonisation and aflatoxin B (AFB) production with maize meal-based nutritional matrices based on kernels of non-GM maize and isogenic GM-ones by strains of Aspergillus flavus. The objectives were to examine the effect of interacting conditions of temperature (25-35 °C) and water availability (0.

Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B production kinetics by Aspergillus flavus.

The aim was to decipher the temporal impact of key interacting climate change (CC) abiotic factors of temperature (30 vs 37 °C), water activity (a; 0.985 vs 0.930) and CO exposure (400 vs 1000 ppm) on (a) growth of Aspergillus flavus and effects on (b) gene expression of a structural (aflD) and key regulatory gene (aflR) involved in aflatoxin B (AFB) biosynthesis and (c) AFB production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days.

Resilience of Biocontrol for Aflatoxin Minimization Strategies: Climate Change Abiotic Factors May Affect Control in Non-GM and GM-Maize Cultivars.

There has been significant interest in the development of formulations of non-toxigenic strains of for control of toxigenic strains to reduce the aflatoxin B (AFB) contamination of maize. In the future, climate change (CC) abiotic conditions of temperature (+2-4°C), CO (existing levels of 400 vs. 800-1,200 ppb), and drought stress will impact on the agronomy and control of pests and diseases.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Leaves and Fruit Residues of Brazilian Savanna Plants Aiming Its Use as Safe Fungicides.

The increasing demand for safe food without preservatives or pesticides residues has encouraged several studies on natural products with antifungal activity and low toxicity. In this study, ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruit residues (peel and seeds) of three Brazilian savanna species (Acrocomia aculeata, Campomanesia adamantium and Caryocar brasiliense) were evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, the most active extract was chemically characterized by ESI-MS and its oral acute toxicity was evaluated.