Publications by authors named "Alessandra Calabresi"
Article Synopsis
- - Cefiderocol, a new antibiotic, is effective against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria but lacks real-world usage data concerning therapy types and patient demographics.
- - A study of 200 cases found that cefiderocol was primarily used as targeted therapy (72.5%) rather than empirical (27.5%) and was administered equally as monotherapy (50.5%) and in combination (49.5%).
- - The findings highlight that specific patient histories, like previous infections and conditions, influence the choice between monotherapy and combination therapy, emphasizing the need for better guidelines and further studies on treatment efficacy.
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how carbapenem resistance in a type of bacteria called Klebsiella pneumoniae affects how many people survive after getting a blood infection.
- Out of 426 patients, 25% had a more dangerous version of the bacteria, and those patients had higher death rates compared to those with a less resistant version.
- The research showed that the type of treatment given didn't really change the survival chances, suggesting that in certain areas, the treatment might be good enough for both types of bacteria.
Article Synopsis
- Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are diverse conditions impacting skin and underlying tissues, with varied symptoms, severity, and causes.
- A nationwide surveillance program in Italy aimed to gather extensive data on SSTIs, involving both inpatient and outpatient cases for a comprehensive analysis of clinical and microbiological aspects.
- Over a three-year period, 478 adult patients were studied, focusing on infection types, pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibilities, co-morbidities, treatment duration, and length of hospital stay to enhance understanding of SSTI management in Italy.
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) represent a wide range of clinical conditions characterized by a considerable variety of clinical presentations and severity. Their aetiology can also vary, with numerous possible causative pathogens. While other authors previously published analyses on several types of SSTI and on restricted types of patients, we conducted a large nationwide surveillance programme on behalf of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases to assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the whole SSTI spectrum, from mild to severe life-threatening infections, in both inpatients and outpatients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe performance of 3 blood culture bottles (BACTEC Plus Aerobic/F, Plus Anaerobic/F, and Anaerobic Lytic/F) were analyzed with clinical specimens collected from 688 Emergency Department patients. A total of 270 strains belonging to 33 species were identified, with E. coli and S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the role of suPAR in patients with sepsis admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). We performed multicentre prospective trial including patients admitted to the ED of three different Italian hospitals. Patients were studied upon admission on day 1, 2, 4 and 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: to complete the database of all patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who lives in the area belonging to the Local Health Unit (ASL) of Brescia, Northern Italy,with all the cancers diagnosed in the period 1999-2009.
Design: diagnoses of cancer between 1999 and 2009 registered in the electronic database in use in the Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (source A) for the clinic follow-up of HIV-infected patients were checked. Then, the cases were integrated with the data recorded in the ASL database (source B) and in the Cancer Registry of Brescia (source C).
HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for developing HIV-related Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-HL) despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). To study the incidence of HIV-HL in HIV-patients with respect to the general population of Brescia, Italy, we conducted a single-center cohort study of HIV-patients followed from 1999 to 2009. The incidence of HIV-HL was compared to the incidence in the general population of Brescia using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe risk of cancer is substantially increased in HIV-infected patients. However, little is known about non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) without an infectious etiology. A total of 5,090 HIV-infected patients registered in the Local Health Authority (LHA) of Brescia and receiving primary care at our clinic were included in a retrospective (1999-2009) analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMale breast cancer is rare and few cases of breast cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are reported. We describe the case of breast cancer in a 65-year-old HIV-positive man who presented a nodule near the nipple of his left breast. He did not report risk factors for breast cancer, but he had liver cirrhosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients is related, at least in part, to serum lipid alterations before and after HAART. Lipoprotein-particle subclasses may also have an effect, but comparative data after standard HAART regimens are limited.
Methods: This was a substudy of a trial in 91 antiretroviral-naïve patients randomized to tenofovir + emtricitabine + atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV).
Objectives: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in HIV-infected patients during rifabutin-based anti-mycobacterial therapy.
Patients And Methods: A longitudinal, cross-over pharmacokinetic evaluation of lopinavir with and without rifabutin in HIV-infected subjects with mycobacterial disease was done. All received lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg twice a day) + an adjusted rifabutin dose of 150 mg every other day.
Background: Increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis have been associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. There is a paucity of prospective evaluations of bone markers after the initiation of drugs currently recommended to treat HIV infection and results on the evolution of these markers are conflicting. Lastly, the effect of tenofovir on 1,25-(OH)₂ vitamin D is uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on creatinine or cystatine C may be more accurate methods especially in patients without chronic kidney disease. There is lack of data on GFR estimated by these methods in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Methods: Antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients were randomized to tenofovir/emtricitabine in association with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV) Patients had to have an actual creatinine clearance >50 mL/minute (24-hour urine collection) and were followed for 48 weeks.
Background: Prevalence and factors associated with etravirine (EW) resistance mutations among patients failing on first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) merit investigation.
Methods: The study comprised an analysis of all sequential patients attending the Institute of Infectious Diseases (Brescia, northern Italy) who performed a genotypic resistance testing (GRT) after > or =3 months of a stable NNRTI-based regimen between 2001 and 2006. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of ETV resistance mutations.
Background: The efficacy of long-term hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment with tenofovir (TDF) in relation to lamivudine (LMV) resistance in HIV patients failing on LMV deserves further investigations.
Methods: HIV-HBV coinfected patients were selected, provided that LMV was included in the first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen and TDF was subsequently introduced.
Results: Forty HIV-HBV patients were included, 25 had undetectable HBV DNA on LMV and 15 were failing on LMV treatment.