Bronchial Sialadenoma Papilliferum in a 10-Year-Old Boy.

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare salivary gland tumor mostly reported in the oral cavity. Here we describe a bronchial SP in the left upper lobe bronchus of a 10-year-old boy. At bronchoscopy, a well-circumscribed polypoid lesion protruding into the bronchial lumen was identified.

Application of the international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology on pleural effusion cytology with paired pleural biopsy: A new insight and novel approach on risk of malignancy.

Introduction: The risk of malignancy (ROM) remains an area of interest for further evaluation in reporting systems including in International System for reporting serous fluid cytopathology (TIS), which is a standardized system for reporting effusion cytology. Herein, we report our findings in further investigation of ROM in TIS by studying on paired pleural effusion specimens and corresponding pleural biopsies with emphasis on negative for malignancy, and atypia of undetermined significance categories.

Materials And Methods: The  Johns Hopkins Hospital pathology database was retrospectively searched for patients with a pleural biopsy (PBX) and a paired pleural effusion (PF) cytology specimens over a 4-year period.

Canalicular-Like Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Recently Classified Tumor Highlighting the Use of Frozen Section Analysis and Surrogate IHC for Gene Rearrangement Defined Subtypes.

Canalicular-like pleomorphic adenomas are a relatively recently described entity, that possess features of both canalicular adenomas and pleomorphic adenomas. The presence of unusual -fusion partners (most commonly gene fusions) has established canalicular-like pleomorphic adenoma as a distinct entity. The use of intraoperative frozen section analysis and surrogate are 2 tools that can provide the surgical team with valuable insight into intraoperative decision making and final classification of rare tumors of the parotid gland, respectively.

Specimen-Based Resection Margins and Local Control during Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal HPV-Mediated Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of surgical margin conditions, including positive specimen margins revised to negative relative to local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) within a cohort of HPV-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who underwent en bloc resection via transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients with untreated HPV-mediated OPSCC cT1 or T2 undergoing TORS resection between October 2014 and March 2020. The methodologic description of our interdisciplinary institutional approach, number of cut-through margins (CTMs) during intraoperative consultation, percentage of final positive margin cases, and disease-free survival and OS stratified by margin status and margin tumor-free distance is identified.

Transcriptomic and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue.

The tumor immune microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma may be accountable for differences in clinical behavior, particularly between different age groups. We performed RNA expression profiling and evaluated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their T-cell subsets in order to assess the functional status of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment and detect potentially clinically useful associations. Archival surgical pathology material from sixteen oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients was microscopically evaluated for TIL densities.

Correction to: Application of Strict Criteria for Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features and Encapsulated Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: a Retrospective Study of 50 Tumors Previously Diagnosed as Follicular Variant PTC.

In the original publication, the author name Kimberly Point du Jour was incorrectly captured. The correct Given name should be Kimberly and the Family name should be Point du Jour. The correct author name is presented in this correction article.

Application of Strict Criteria for Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features and Encapsulated Follicular Variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: a Retrospective Study of 50 Tumors Previously Diagnosed as Follicular Variant PTC.

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was recently proposed as a designation for a subset of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC). Encapsulated FVPTC has been shown to be a fairly indolent tumor, and NIFTP are expected to represent the most indolent subset of these tumors. Many of the exclusion criteria for NIFTP related to architecture and a lack of psammoma bodies are designed to preclude the inclusion of more aggressive non-FVPTC tumors in this indolent group and also exclude the diagnosis of FVPTC.

LEF-1: Diagnostic utility in distinguishing basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland.

Background: Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1) has recently been reported as a potential immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for basal cell adenoma (BCA) and other salivary gland tumors, which may contribute to an increased accuracy in differentiating basaloid salivary gland neoplasms. We evaluated the utility of LEF-1 in fine needle aspiration (FNA) and resection specimens to distinguish pleomorphic adenoma (PA), BCA, basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) as well as in non-neoplastic salivary gland (NNSG).

Methods: Cases including 66 PA (35 FNA, 31 resections), 12 BCA (5 FNA, 7 resections), 42 ACC (11 FNA, 31 resections), 1 BCAC FNA, and 10 NNSG (5 FNA, 5 resections) were obtained and stained for LEF-1.

A pattern-based risk-stratification scheme for salivary gland cytology: A multi-institutional, interobserver variability study to determine applicability.

Background: Salivary gland aspiration cytology is useful in the preoperative management of patients but remains challenging, because of the extensive morphologic overlap of some tumors limits the ability to always determine the presence of malignancy. In response to this challenge, there has been increasing drive to develop a risk-based categorization scheme for salivary gland aspirates. Herein, the authors examine the interobserver variability of 1 such pattern and risk-based system.

Ancillary testing strategies in salivary gland aspiration cytology: A practical pattern-based approach.

Fine needle aspiration of salivary gland tumors is a common preoperative triage as it is useful in determining which patients should undergo surgical resection and in guiding the extent of surgery in those cases deemed appropriate for resection. While a specific diagnosis can be achieved on a cytologic specimen in many cases, there is also a considerable amount of morphologic diversity that prevents such confident preoperative classification and in these cases it can be a challenge to confidently determine if a tumor is benign or malignant. Recently, a pattern based risk stratification approach was proposed for salivary gland cytology in which basaloid neoplasms are separated by stromal characteristics and oncocytoid neoplasms are separated primarily by background material such as mucus.

New Developments in Salivary Gland Pathology: Clinically Useful Ancillary Testing and New Potentially Targetable Molecular Alterations.

Accurate diagnosis of salivary gland tumors can be challenging because of the many diagnostic entities, the sometimes extensive morphologic overlap, and the rarity of most tumor types. Ancillary testing is beginning to ameliorate some of these challenges through access to newer immunohistochemical stains and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, which can limit differential diagnostic considerations in some cases. These ancillary testing strategies are especially useful in small biopsy samples, including aspiration cytology.

Nuclear PRMT5, cyclin D1 and IL-6 are associated with poor outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and is inversely associated with p16-status.

Protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) plays an important role in cancer progression by repressing the expression of key tumor suppressor genes via the methylation of transcriptional factors and chromatin-associated proteins. However, very little is known about the expression and biological role of PRMT5 in head and neck cancer. In this study, we examined expression profile of PRMT5 at subcellular levels in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and assessed its correlation with disease progression and patient outcome.

High expression of myoferlin is associated with poor outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and is inversely associated with HPV-status.

Myoferlin (MYOF) is a member of ferlin family of membrane proteins that was originally discovered as a muscle specific protein. Recent studies have shown that myoferlin is also expressed in other cell types including endothelial cells and cancer cells. However, very little is known about the expression and biological role of myoferlin in head and neck cancer.

NK Cell-Mediated Antitumor Effects of a Folate-Conjugated Immunoglobulin Are Enhanced by Cytokines.

Optimally effective antitumor therapies would not only activate immune effector cells but also engage them at the tumor. Folate conjugated to immunoglobulin (F-IgG) could direct innate immune cells with Fc receptors to folate receptor-expressing cancer cells. F-IgG bound to human KB and HeLa cells, as well as murine L1210JF, a folate receptor (FR)-overexpressing cancer cell line, as determined by flow cytometry.

β-Catenin Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Comparison and Correlation with p16 and Human Papillomavirus in situ Hybridization.

Background: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been noted to be upregulated in head and neck cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study compared the efficacy of β-catenin immunohistochemistry (IHC), p16 IHC and automated human papillomavirus (HPV) in situ hybridization (ISH) in OSCC.

Methods: Sixty-eight OSCCs (48 surgical specimens and 20 fine-needle aspirations) were evaluated.

Cytomorphologic characteristics and differential diagnoses of lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid.

Introduction: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland is an extremely rare neoplasm and is challenging to diagnose by fine needle aspiration (FNA). There are rare reports on the cytopathologic features of lymphoepithelial carcinoma, which may be mistaken for other high-grade salivary gland neoplasm or a metastasis to the salivary gland.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of 7 cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid diagnosed on FNA with histologic confirmation from 4 major medical centers.

Expression of SOX10 in Salivary Gland Oncocytic Neoplasms: A Review and a Comparative Analysis with Other Immunohistochemical Markers.

Objectives: We evaluated SOX10 (SRY-related HMG-box 10) in differentiating acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) from other salivary gland neoplasms with oncocytic features on fine-needle aspiration cell blocks (FNA CB) and compared its performance to DOG1 (discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor 1).

Material And Methods: 35 FNA CB of oncocytic salivary gland neoplasms, i.e.

Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma with aberrant diffuse and strong desmin reactivity: a potential diagnostic pitfall!

The broad morphologic spectrum, inherent immunophenotypic heterogeneity of malignant melanoma and its rarity in the sinonasal tract are major challenges in eliciting the correct diagnosis, which may lead to misclassification and inadequate medical management. Herein, we describe a single case of a 70 year-old male with sinonasal mucosal melanoma, exhibiting varying histologic phenotypes including small round blue cell morphology, epithelioid and focal rhabdoid morphology and strong, diffuse desmin immunoreactivity. These constellation of features initially prompted the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.

DOG1, p63, and S100 protein: a novel immunohistochemical panel in the differential diagnosis of oncocytic salivary gland neoplasms in fine-needle aspiration cell blocks.

Introduction: DOG1 is a calcium-activated chloride channel protein that may have a potential role in secretory cells of salivary glands and tumors derived from them. Its role in cytologic specimens is not well documented. This study was performed to evaluate its utility in separating acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) from other closely related differential diagnoses on cytologic samples.

Glomus tumor of the trachea.

Glomus tumors are uncommon soft tissue tumors that usually occur in the hands or feet but rarely have been described to appear in the tracheobronchial tree. Tracheal glomus tumors present with symptoms including cough, dyspnea, and wheezing that may be mistaken for other pulmonary disorders. Imaging and pulmonary function testing can detect tracheal obstruction, but pathology is necessary to differentiate glomus tumors from other airway tumors.

YM155 reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer by decreasing cytoplasmic survivin levels.

Cisplatin is one of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, acquisition of cisplatin resistance is common in patients with HNSCC, and it often leads to local and distant failure. In this study, we showed that survivin expression is significantly upregulated in HNSCC primary tumors and cell lines.

Paired box gene 8, HBME-1, and cytokeratin 19 expression in preoperative fine-needle aspiration of papillary thyroid carcinoma: diagnostic utility.

Background: Paired box gene 8 (PAX8), a member of the thyroid-specific transcription factors, has recently been investigated as a useful marker of thyroid epithelial neoplasms. To the authors' knowledge, its utility in the immunohistochemistry of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been well studied to date. The goal of the current study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of PAX8 with HBME-1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression on cell block preparations of PTC and benign thyroid nodules (BTN).