Removal of p-cresol using wash waters from lipopeptide production.

This work shows the efficiency of wash waters from lipopeptide production as a remediation strategy to treat urban water samples contaminated with p-cresol. The harvesting step in surfactin production involved a centrifugation step, generating a major soluble fraction and a fraction that is adsorbed to the biomass. The adsorbed fraction was recovered by washing steps.

Residual biomass from surfactin production is a source of arginase and adsorbed surfactin that is useful for environmental remediation.

Lipopeptides are important secondary metabolites produced by microbes. They find applications in environmental decontamination and in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. However, their production is expensive.

Molar ratio iron: zinc and folic acid in Brazilian biscuits and snacks and test for classification using principal component analyses.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate molar ratio iron: zinc and the levels of folic acid in biscuit and snacks commercialized in Brazil, prepared with folic acid and iron fortified flours. These nutrients are important for human nutrition; however, iron can have a negative effect on zinc absorption. Molar ratio iron:zinc can indicate if there will be any problems for absorption of these nutrients.