Reproductive Experiences of Physicians in Medical and Surgical Subspecialties.

To evaluate the reproductive experiences of physicians across gender and specialty. Between November and December 2021, we surveyed nontrainee physicians of all genders at a single quaternary institution using a modified version of an existing survey instrument. Experiences with family planning, fertility, pregnancy, and parental leave were assessed.

Evaluation of the maternal systemic immune system during frozen euploid embryo transfer according to cycle outcome.

Infertility affects 15 % of couples in the US, and many turn to assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization and subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) to become pregnant. This study aimed to perform a broad assessment of the maternal immune system to determine if there are systemic differences on the day of FET in cycles that result in a live birth compared to those that do not. Women undergoing FET of euploid embryos were recruited and blood was collected on the day of FET as well as at early timepoints in pregnancy.

Normal and Abnormal Appearances of the Ovaries during Assisted Reproduction: Multimodality Imaging Review.

Infertility is a common diagnosis that prompts many couples and individuals to seek assisted reproductive technology (ART) for assistance with conception. These technologies have become increasingly used in the United States in the past several decades, with 326 468 ART cycles performed in 2020, resulting in 75 023 live births. This ubiquity of ART also increases the likelihood that radiologists will encounter both normal and abnormal imaging findings associated with these treatments.

Seizure control in women with epilepsy undergoing assisted reproductive technology.

The objective of this study was to determine seizure control in women with epilepsy (WWE) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Through retrospective chart review, WWE undergoing ART were identified. Demographics and details regarding epilepsy type, seizure control, and ART procedures were extracted.

Women With a History of Primary Infertility and Increased Rates of Bilateral Oophorectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the association of primary infertility with subsequent bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy, using a population-based cohort of women with primary infertility and age-matched women in a referent group.

Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project record-linkage system was used to assemble a population-based cohort of women with primary infertility diagnosed between 1980 and 1999 (index date). Women were age-matched (±1 year) 1:1 to women without a history of infertility or hysterectomy at the index date (referent group).

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Fertility Care.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system have been widespread, with many institutions in the United States pausing elective procedures to redirect resources to critical care. Fertility care and assisted reproductive procedures were classified as elective procedures and similarly paused. We conducted qualitative interviews with patients and/or their partners ( = 25 female patients;  = 3 male partners) receiving care at a fertility clinic in the Midwest to understand patient appraisal of COVID-19 risk on the resumption of care following a month-long closure of an infertility clinic, and patient agreement with the clinic closure.

Fertility trends and comparisons in a historical cohort of US women with primary infertility.

Background: There is growing interest in long-term outcomes following infertility and infertility treatment. However, there are few detailed longitudinal cohorts available for this work. This study aimed to assemble a historical cohort of women with primary infertility and age-matched controls to evaluate fertility trends, sequelae, and sociodemographic differences.

Lavender Aromatherapy to Reduce Anxiety During Intrauterine Insemination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Infertility is a global public health issue. Therapies such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) are effective but may be associated with considerable anxiety. Preliminary data suggest that decreasing this anxiety might lead to improved outcomes.

Abnormal rate of human chorionic gonadotropin rise: a case series of patients with viable intrauterine pregnancies after embryo transfer.

Objective: To report three cases of viable intrauterine pregnancies after embryo transfer with lower quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) rates of rise than that expected in 99% of normal intrauterine pregnancies, based on current guidelines.

Design: Case series.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Current and Future Medical Therapies for Adenomyosis.

There is no approved medical therapy for adenomyosis and limited evidence to guide treatments in part due to the complexity of nonhistologic diagnosis and the prevalence of concomitant gynecologic conditions. Most available evidence focuses on the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding, painful menses, and pelvic pain. Data evaluating fertility outcomes, sexual function, and quality of life following treatment are lacking.

Intrauterine insemination cycles: prediction of success and thresholds for poor prognosis and futile care.

Purpose: We aimed to define intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycle characteristics associated with viable birth, identify thresholds below which IUI treatments are consistent with very poor prognosis and futile care, and develop a nomogram for individualized application.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated couples using fresh partner ejaculate for IUI from January 2005 to September 2017. Variables included female age, semen characteristics, and ovarian stimulation type.

Fertility Preservation for Transgender Individuals: A Review.

Transgender individuals represent a small, albeit growing, patient population that is encountered more frequently in clinical care due to improved insurance coverage and increasing awareness. Gender-affirming treatments, including both gender-affirming hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery, pose significant risks to fertility potential and outcomes, ranging from potentially impaired fertility rates to full elimination of reproductive potential depending on the type of treatment pursued. However, there are relatively limited data specific to fertility preservation for transgender individuals.

Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer has no effect on childhood weight.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of frozen, compared with fresh, embryo transfer on neonatal and pediatric weight and weight gain trajectory.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Tubal Ligation and Age at Natural Menopause.

Objective: To determine the effect of tubal ligation on age at natural menopause, as a marker of long-term ovarian function.

Methods: Three preexisting population-based cohorts were included in this cross-sectional study. Data from each cohort was analyzed separately.

Leiomyoma with KAT6B-KANSL1 fusion: case report of a rapidly enlarging uterine mass in a postmenopausal woman.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas, in contrast to sarcomas, tend to cease growth following menopause. In the setting of a rapidly enlarging uterine mass in a postmenopausal patient, clinical distinction of uterine leiomyoma from sarcoma is difficult and requires pathologic examination.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman presented with postmenopausal bleeding and acute blood loss requiring transfusion.

Choosing a women's health career.

Background: In 2005, in response to a decline in residency applications in obstetrics and gynecology (OB GYN), the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Presidential Task Force outlined strategies for attracting medical students to OB GYN. Application rates have increased since then, but little is known about which interventions are effective. We aimed to identify modifiable and nonmodifiable variables that may contribute to students choosing OB GYN for their careers; this information could be used to inform curriculum design, faculty development, and innovative exposures to women's health.

Implementation of the "Pregnancy Reasonably Excluded Guide" for Pregnancy Assessment: A Quality Initiative in Outpatient Gynecologic Surgery.

Objective: Preoperative evaluation for pregnancy at our institution lacked standardization among individual health care providers and surgical services. This pilot project aimed to improve assessment for pregnancy before scheduled outpatient gynecologic surgical procedures. The Pregnancy Reasonably Excluded Guide incorporates historic, evidence-based criteria to facilitate identification of patients with a higher chance of pregnancy.

Use of Genetic Testing after Abnormal Screening Ultrasound: A Descriptive Cohort Study.

Background/aims: The study aimed to characterize the use of genetic testing after abnormal screening ultrasound.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing genetic testing after abnormal ultrasound. Genetic evaluation consisted of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) or amniocentesis.

KLF11 is an Epigenetic Mediator of DRD2/Dopaminergic Signaling in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a heterogeneous, recalcitrant disease that affects 10% of reproductive-age women. Resistance to conventional therapy critically raises the need for novel treatment options that target specific, dysregulated underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) has been shown to be associated with vascularity and fibrosis in endometriosis.

Improved detection of mineral oil toxicity using an extended mouse embryo assay.

Purpose: Successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) relies on sound laboratory methods and culture conditions which depend on sensitive quality control (QC) testing. This study aimed to improve the sensitivity of mouse embryo assays (MEA) for detection of mineral oil toxicity.

Methods: Five experiments were conducted to study modifications of the standard mouse embryo assay (MEA) in order to improve sensitivity using clinical grade mineral oil with known peroxide concentrations.