Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Melittin in Combination with Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA).

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) often cause infections with high mortality rates. Antimicrobial peptides are a source of molecules for developing antimicrobials; one such peptide is melittin, a fraction from the venom of the bee. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of melittin and its association with oxacillin (mel+oxa) against MRSA isolates, and to investigate the mechanisms of action of the treatments on MRSA.

Inhibitory activities of propolis, nisin, melittin and essential oil compounds on and .

Background: Natural products represent important sources of antimicrobial compounds. Propolis and compounds from essential oils comprise good examples of such substances because of their inhibitory effects on bacterial spores, including bee pathogens.

Methods: Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) from were prepared using different methods: double ultrasonication, double maceration and maceration associated with ultrasonication.