Preventive and Curative Effects of Salicylic and Methyl Salicylic Acid Having Antifungal Potential against and the Development of Phenolic Response in Apple Peel.

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and one of its better-known derivatives-methyl salicylic acid (MeSA)-on the infection of apple fruits with the fungus , which causes brown rot, were investigated. Since research to date has focused on preventive effects, we also focused on the curative use of SA and MeSA. Curative use of SA and MeSA slowed the progression of the infection.

Alteration of the content of primary and secondary metabolites in strawberry fruit by Colletotrichum nymphaeae infection.

The effects of infection with Colletotrichum nymphaeae , the causative agent of strawberry black spot, were studied on two strawberry cultivars: susceptible 'Elsanta' and tolerant 'Honeoye' cultivars. Four treatments were established: (1) artificial inoculation; (2) spray application of pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Signum); (3) foliar spraying with calcium (Stopit); and (4) control (spraying with water). Primary metabolites (sugars and organic acids) and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds) were determined in strawberry fruit with the use of HPLC-MS(n).

AFLP Analysis of Intraspecific Variation Between Monilinia laxa Isolates from Different Hosts.

We analyzed with an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system the genetic diversity and relationships among 67 Monilinia laxa isolates obtained from different host plants. From a total of 1,089 amplified bands scored using 20 primer combinations with two selective nucleotides, 354 were polymorphic and further used in genetic diversity analysis. Genetic relationships among isolates were assessed with different phenetic approaches, including unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering and principal coordinate analysis; the population's differentiation estimate was analyzed by molecular variance; and model-based clustering was employed to infer population structure.

Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum sp. nov., with notes on Cylindrocarpon species with wide, predominantly 3-septate macroconidia.

A Cylindrocarpon species with up to 10 microm wide, straight and predominantly 3-septate macroconidia, subglobose to ovoidal microconidia and chlamydospores, is described as Cyl. pauciseptatum. It is most similar to Cyl.