Mechanisms and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of nitrous oxide-induced peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review.

Under standard conditions, nitrous oxide (NO) manifests as a colorless, odorless gas with a mildly sweet taste. The compound finds applications in various fields, including its use as an aerosol propellants, an accelerant in motor racing, and an anesthetic in surgical procedures and dentistry. Unfortunately, the recreational misuse of NO has become prevalent among young individuals due to its euphoric and hallucinogenic effects.

Advancements in autologous peripheral nerve transplantation care: a review of strategies and practices to facilitate recovery.

Autologous peripheral nerve transplantation, a pioneering technique in nerve injury treatment, has demonstrated remarkable progress. We examine recent nursing strategies and methodologies tailored to various anatomical sites, highlighting their role in postoperative recovery enhancement. Encompassing brachial plexus, upper limb, and lower limb nerve transplantation care, this discussion underscores the importance of personalized rehabilitation plans, interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovative approaches like nerve electrical stimulation and nerve growth factor therapy.

Advancements in 3D-printed artificial tendon.

Millions of people have been reported with tendon injuries each year. Unfortunately, Tendon injuries are increasing rapidly due to heavy exercise and a highly aging population. In addition, the introduction of 3D-printing technology in the area of tendon repair and replacement has resolved numerous issues and significantly improved the quality of artificial tendons.

Unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion through a modified hemilateral spinous process-splitting approach.

Objective: To describe unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) via a modified hemilateral spinous process-splitting (MHSPS) approach and determine its effectiveness.

Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with the lumbar degenerative disease who underwent MHSPS TLIF between August 2020 and July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain were evaluated before surgery and at the last follow-up.

[Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease].

Visual hallucinations have a negative effect on the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), being a source of stress for the patients themselves and caregivers. The article discusses the basic theories and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of visual hallucinations in PD consisting of the following components: impairment of the visual information received from the retina with subsequent disruption of its processing in the central parts of the visual system; lack of suppression of internally generated images through the ponto-geniculo-occipital system; the invasion of REM sleep patterns in wakefulness; decreased ability of the brain stem structures to implement appropriate information filtering as well as excessive drug-induced activation of the mesolimbic system. Particular attention is paid to visual impairment and changes in the transmission of information along the retino-hypothalamic tract.

[Optokinetic nystagmus associated with Parkinson's disease].

Optokinetic nystagmus is a complex many-level physiological reaction underlain by the mechanisms of oculomotor reaction and dependent on the correlated regulatory action of the upper parts of CNS. The objective of the present study was to estimate the quantitative parameters of optokinteic nystagmus in the patients presenting with clinically manifest Parkinson's disease (PD) with due regard for the character of optokinetic stimulation. It was shown that PD is associated with a decrease of velocity-related parameters of optokinetic nystagmus correlated with the severity of the disease.

[Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in patients with chronic impairment of cerebral circulation].

Vestibular dysfunction was studied in 95 patients with initial cerebral circulatory insufficiency (CCI) stage I and II. Sinusoidal rotation proved highly effective in staging the disease, as initial CCI responses with vestibular hyperreflexia to sinusoidal rotation with closed eyes. With CCI progression, some patients demonstrated inhibition of vestibular excitability while other patients had enhanced excitability.