Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening illness with poor treatment outcomes. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation method, its effect in patients with AN remains unclear. This study investigated changes in maladaptive eating behavior, body mass index (BMI), and depression after 10 sessions of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Altered Serum Immunological and Biochemical Parameters and Microbiota Composition in Patients With AN During Realimentation.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder with not well-described pathogenesis. Besides the genetic and sociological factors, autoimmunity is also considered to take part in AN pathogenesis. We evaluated general serological factors showing the physiological state of 59 patients with AN at hospital admission and their discharge.

The intestinal microbiota and metabolites in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Brain-gut microbiota interactions are intensively studied in connection with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. While anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is not entirely clear, it is presumably linked to microbiome dysbiosis. We aimed to elucidate the gut microbiota contribution in AN disease pathophysiology.

Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Barrier Function in A Patient with Anorexia Nervosa after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

The change in the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in a patient suffering from severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (AN) and diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) was investigated. Microbial gut dysbiosis is associated with both AN and SIBO, and therefore gut microbiome changes by serial fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a possible therapeutic modality. This study assessed the effects of FMT on gut barrier function, microbiota composition, and the levels of bacterial metabolic products.

Patient awareness, perception and attitude to contrast-enhanced CT examination: Implications for communication and compliance with patients' preferences.

Background: Despite the high volume of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) examinations, there is limited awareness about its risks among patients and little is known about the influence of patient information sheets.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess patients' awareness and perception of risks related to CECT examination and how they are influenced by an information sheet.

Material And Methods: A total of 263 adult patients scheduled for a CECT examination completed a questionnaire.

Disturbances of mitochondrial parameters to distinguish patients with depressive episode of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We measured and examined the following selected mitochondrial parameters: citrate synthase (CS) activity, electron transport system (ETS) complex (complexes I, II, and IV) activities, and mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets.

Patients And Methods: The analyses were performed for 24 patients suffering from a depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder (BD), compared to 68 patients with MDD and 104 healthy controls.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Blood Platelets of Patients with Manic Episode of Bipolar Disorder.

Objectives: The bipolar affective disorder (BAD) pathophysiology is multifactorial and has not been fully clarified.

Method: We measured selected mitochondrial parameters in peripheral blood components. The analyses were performed for patients suffering from a manic episode during remission and were compared to those performed for healthy controls.

Violence in persons with and without psychosis in the Czech Republic: risk and protective factors.

Purpose: To prevent violence among persons with psychosis, further knowledge of the correlates and risk factors is needed. These risk factors may vary by nation.

Patients And Methods: This study examined factors associated with violent assaults in 158 patients with psychosis and in a matched control sample of 158 adults without psychosis in the Czech Republic.

The predictive value of computed tomography in the detection of reflux esophagitis in patients undergoing upper endoscopy.

Background: Reflux esophagitis (RE) may mimic symptoms requiring cross-sectional imaging.

Methods: From 565 patients who had CT and esophagogastroduodenoscopy within four days apart, CT scans of 72 patients with RE confirmed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 108 matched patients without RE were evaluated for distal esophageal wall characteristics.

Results: In RE patients the distal esophageal wall thickness was greater (5.

Computed Tomography Colonography Phantom: Construction, Validation and Literature Review.

Background: Several dedicated computed tomography (CT) colonography phantoms have been described previously.

Objectives: To compare their pros and cons and describe the construction of a dedicated phantom that can be easily manufactured.

Materials And Methods: We found 15 different phantom designs by literature search and compared their advantages and disadvantages based on their description and images.

Growing number of emergency cranial CTs in patients with head injury not justified by their clinical need.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is widely available in most hospitals, usually 24 h a day, which results in an expansion of its indications, sometimes beyond medically justifiable extent.

Aim: To evaluate trends in emergency cranial CTs in a general university hospital during the last 15 years.

Methods: We conducted a database search for emergency cranial CTs between January 2000 and December 2015 that were performed in patients after head injury on weekends and bank holidays and between 8 P.