Distribution of causes of death and associated organ injuries in road traffic accident-related fatalities: a postmortem study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 1.19 million road traffic accident (RTA)-related deaths in 2021, with a significantly higher death rate in developing countries than in developed countries.

Objective: To assess the distribution of causes of death and associated organ injuries in RTA-related fatalities.

Magnitude and associated factors of postpartum family planning uptake among postpartum women in Ethiopia: an umbrella review.

Background: The World Health Organization indicates that despite advancements, the rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity during the postpartum period continue to be alarmingly high. Furthermore, untapped opportunities to enhance maternal health and promote effective newborn care, including family planning services, have not been fully leveraged. Earlier meta-analyses and systematic reviews have addressed this subject; however, a thorough evidence synthesis has not been provided.

The Role of Working Animals and Their Welfare Issues in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Working animals provide a critical socioeconomic role for many low-income communities, especially in Ethiopia nearly all draft power for agriculture production is generated from working animals. However, the welfare status of working animals remains worst in the country. Hence, understanding the major welfare problems of working animals is the key to improve their welfare status and to maximize their economic contribution.

Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The emergence of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens fails; it necessitates the use of more costly and less tolerable second-line medications. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and address factors that increase the likelihood of first-line ART regimen failure in children. Although numerous primary studies have examined the incidence of first-line ART failure among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia, national-level data on the onset and predictors remain inconsistent.

A rare case of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen is a rare benign vascular lesion arising from red pulp of spleen with unknown etiopathogenesis. It is a non-neoplastic condition that affects the spleen only; not described in other sites except one case reported in adrenal gland. Epidemiologically it has slight female predilection.

Acute kidney injury and its associated factors among patients with acute decompensated heart failure admitted to the university of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Heart failure often leads to hospitalization and can directly impact other organs, such as the kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse outcomes. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of AKI among hospitalized ADHF patients in resource-limited settings such as Ethiopia.

Maternal and perinatal mortality: Geospatial analysis of inequality in pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Ethiopia.

While there is ample evidence of the overall reduction in perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality in Ethiopia, it remains uncertain if geographic disparities have diminished. This study aimed to investigate perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality spatial distributions, trends over time, and factors associated with the distribution in Ethiopia. We used data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Ethiopia in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016.

Caspase-1 in Cx3cr1-expressing cells drives an IL-18-dependent T cell response that promotes parasite control during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Inflammasome activation is a robust innate immune mechanism that promotes inflammatory responses through the release of alarmins and leaderless cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Various stimuli, including infectious agents and cellular stress, cause inflammasomes to assemble and activate caspase-1. Then, caspase-1 cleaves targets that lead to pore formation and leaderless cytokine activation and release.

A qualitative study of the barriers and facilitators for women with a disability seeking sexual and reproductive health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The need to advance the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights of women with a disability is becoming more widely recognized. Regrettably, in low- and middle-income settings like Ethiopia, several barriers impede women with a disability (WWDs) from receiving SRH services and care.

Objectives: This study aims to explore barriers and enablers for women with a disability to access sexual and reproductive health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Effect of health extension workers-led home-based multicomponent intervention on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate effects of health extension workers-led home-based multicomponent intervention on blood pressure change in hypertensive patients in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia.

Design: Two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted.

Participants: Hypertensive patients' age ≥25 years were included.

A Perioperative Quality Improvement Program for Cesarean Delivery in Ethiopia: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Infections and complications following cesarean delivery are a significant source of maternal mortality in Ethiopia.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of a program to strengthen compliance with perioperative standards and reduce postoperative complications following cesarean delivery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This stepped-wedge cluster randomized clinical trial included patients undergoing cesarean delivery from August 24, 2021, to January 31, 2023, at 9 hospitals organized into 5 clusters in Ethiopia.

Delayed time to pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in bale zone administrative towns health facilities: multi-center cross-sectional study.

Background: The desire to conceive and become parents is a fundamental aspect of human life that carries immense personal, emotional, and societal significance. For many couples, achieving pregnancy represents a long-cherished dream, but the journey to parenthood is not always straightforward. The duration it takes to achieve the desired pregnancy can vary significantly among individuals and is influenced by many factors.

Resilience and mental health among perinatal women: a systematic review.

Objective: This review aimed to assess the current evidence on the relationship between resilience and mental health employed in response to the impacts of mental health.

Method: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The protocol of this review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023470966).

A Prospective Quality Improvement Program to Reduce Prolonged Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Ethiopia.

Although postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown to prevent surgical site infections, prolonged antibiotic administration is common in low- and middle-income countries. We developed a quality improvement program to reduce unnecessary postoperative antibiotics through hospital-specific guideline development and the use of a brief, multidisciplinary discussion of antibiotic indication, choice, and duration during clinical rounds. We assessed reduction in the number of patients receiving ≥24 h of antibiotic prophylaxis after clean and clean-contaminated surgery.

Prevalence of burnout and associated factors among midwives, 2023: institution-based cross-sectional study.

Background: One of the main characteristics of the mental health condition known as burnout syndrome is an overwhelming feeling of physical and emotional tiredness, particularly with regard to one's work. Midwives are the group most prone to burnout because they work in emergency situations to save two lives at a time, share the stress of laboring women, and put in extra hours without enough payment. Besides this, there is little information on burnout among Ethiopian midwives.

Surgical aspects and outcomes after nephrectomy for Wilms tumour in sub-Saharan Africa: A report from Wilms Africa Phase II-CANCaRe Africa.

Background: Wilms tumour (WT) is one of the common and curable cancer types targeted by the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. Tumour excision is essential for cure. This analysis focuses on surgical outcomes of patients with WT in sub-Saharan Africa.

Prevalence of depression and associated factors among obstetric care providers at public health facilities in the West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression is a severe and treatable mental illness that significantly affects individuals' daily activities. Obstetric care providers are the most vulnerable group for depression because they work in an emergency to save two lives at a time, share the stress of women during labor, and are at great risk for contamination.

Objectives: To assess depression and associated factors among obstetric care providers working in public health facilities.

Magnitude of self-harm and associated factors among postnatal mothers attending immunization clinics at public health facilities in Boneya Boshe Woreda, Western Ethiopia, 2023: institution-based cross-sectional study design.

Background: Self-harm is a preventable, but a leading, cause of maternal morbidity and mortality all over the world, with a significant impact on healthcare systems.

Objective: To assess the magnitude of self-harm and associated factors among postnatal mothers attending immunization clinics.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among postnatal mothers attending infant immunization clinics at public health facilities in Boneya Boshe Woreda, Western Ethiopia, 1 October to 30 October 2023.

Sustained release local anesthetics for pain management: relevance and formulation approaches.

This review attempted to ascertain the rationale for the formulation of sustained-release local anesthetics and summarize the various formulation approaches designed to date to achieve sustained and localized local analgesic effects. The incidence of pain, which is the concern of patients as well as health care professionals, is increasing due to accidents, surgical procedures, and other diseases. Local anesthetics can be used for the management of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain.

Residential and wealth-related disparities of high fertility preferences in Ethiopia: A decomposition analysis.

Background: Fertility preference significantly influences contraceptive uptake and impacts population growth, especially in low and middle-income countries. In the previous pieces of literature, variations in fertility preference across residence and wealth categories and its contributors were not assessed in Ethiopia. Therefore, we decomposed high fertility preferences among reproductive-aged women by residence and wealth status in Ethiopia.

Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Cancers in the East Africa Region from 2019 to 2023.

Background: In the East African region, herbal plants are essential in the treatment and control of cancer. Given the diverse ecological and cultural makeup of the regional states, it is likely that different ethnic groups will use the same or different plants for the same or different diseases. However, since 2019, this has not been compiled into a single study.