Associations of early childhood exposure to severe acute malnutrition and recovery with cardiometabolic risk markers in later childhood: 5-year prospective matched cohort study in Ethiopia.

Background: Impaired fetal and accelerated postnatal growth are associated with cardiometabolic disease. Few studies investigated how recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with childhood cardiometabolic risk.

Objective: We evaluated cardiometabolic risk in SAM children treated through community-based management, relative to controls, 5-year post-recovery.

Association between birth length, linear growth velocities, and primary school achievement at age 10 years: evidence from the Ethiopian iABC birth cohort.

Background: Childhood is a period marked by dynamic growth. Evidence of the association between childhood linear growth and school achievement comes mostly from cross-sectional data. We assessed associations between birth length, childhood linear growth velocities, and stunting with school achievement.

Molecular and clinical insights into extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia.

Background: Klebsiella bacterial strains harboring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are the primary culprits behind neonatal sepsis globally. These strains significantly impact clinical outcomes due to their multi-drug resistance patterns in local healthcare settings. In response to this spiraling threat, we studied the prevalence and clinical implications of ESBL-encoding genes in neonates hospitalized with confirmed sepsis.

A high prevalence of antibiotic use at two large teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a point prevalence survey.

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) renders many bacterial infections untreatable and results in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding antibiotic use in clinical settings including hospitals is critical to optimize antibiotic use and prevent resistance.

Design: Hospital antibiotic point prevalence survey (PPS).

Strengthening implementation of integrated care for small and nutritionally at-risk infants under six months and their mothers: Pre-trial feasibility study.

An integrated care pathway to manage small and nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months (u6m) and their mothers (MAMI Care Pathway) is consistent with 2023 WHO malnutrition guidelines and is being tested in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in Ethiopia. To optimise trial implementation, we investigated contextual fit with key local stakeholders. We used scenario-based interviews with 17 health workers and four district managers to explore perceived feasibility.

Maternal mental health and nutritional status of infants aged under 6 months: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey.

Maternal/caregivers' mental health (MMH) and child nutrition are both poor in low- and middle-income countries. Links between the two are plausible but poorly researched. Our aim was to inform future malnutrition management programmes by better understanding associations between MMH and nutritional status of infants aged under six month (u6m).

Gut microbiota patterns associated with duration of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Ethiopia.

Diarrhea claims >500,000 lives annually among children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries. Mortality due to acute diarrhea (<7 days' duration) is decreasing, but prolonged (7-13 days) and persistent (≥14 days of duration) diarrhea remains a massive challenge. Here, we use a case-control study to decipher if fecal gut microbiota compositional differences between Ethiopian children with acute (n=554) or prolonged/persistent (n=95) diarrhea and frequency-matched non-diarrheal controls (n=663) are linked to diarrheal etiology.

Predominance of Dengue Virus Serotype-1/Genotype-I in Eastern and Southeastern Ethiopia.

We determined the dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes in archived serum samples that were collected during the 2014-2016 and 2021 dengue outbreaks in Dire Dawa City and the Somali region in Ethiopia. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) was predominant followed by DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). Thirteen of the DENV-1 strains were assigned to Genotype-I, while the remaining two were found to be Genotype-III.

Less known but greatly feared: Cervical cancer in Ethiopia community awareness.

To improve a community's awareness and attitude towards cervical cancer, strong evidence is needed to inform contextually appropriate policies. This study aims to explore community awareness about cervical cancer from the perspective of women, men and health extension workers (HEWs). The research was conducted from May to July 2021 in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Effectiveness of bubble continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of children aged 1-59 months with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Ethiopia: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: The safety and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) for treatment of childhood severe pneumonia outside tertiary care hospitals is uncertain. We did a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of locally made bCPAP compared with WHO-recommended low-flow oxygen therapy in children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in general hospitals in Ethiopia.

Methods: This open, cluster-randomised trial was done in 12 general (secondary) hospitals in Ethiopia.

Associations of early childhood body mass index trajectories with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at age 10 years: the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort study.

Background: Variability in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m) trajectories is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood, but it is unknown how these associations track to later childhood.

Objectives: We aimed to assess associations of BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at 10 y.

Methods: In the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort, we previously identified 4 distinct BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y: stable low BMI (19.

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant among Patients Diagnosed with Surgical Site Infection at Four Hospitals in Ethiopia.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a common cause of severe surgical site infections (SSI). The molecular epidemiology of MRSA is poorly documented in Ethiopia. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of MRSA and associated factors among patients diagnosed with SSI.

Prevalence and assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in a case-control study of children under 5 years from Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.

Giardia duodenalis is a common pathogenic intestinal protozoan parasite with high prevalence in developing countries, especially among children. The distribution of giardia assemblages among humans and their clinical relevance remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assemblage of Giardia among children under 5 years of age in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.

Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are the most commonly reported healthcare-associated infections.

Methods: A multicentre study was conducted among patients who underwent surgical procedures at four hospitals located in Northern (Debre Tabor), Southern (Hawassa), Southwest (Jimma), and Central (Tikur Anbessa) parts of Ethiopia. A total of 752 patients clinically studied for surgical site infection were enrolled.

Growth and Body Composition 5 y After Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition: A 5-y Prospective Matched Cohort Study in Ethiopian Children.

Background: Short-term anthropometric outcomes are well documented for children treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, anthropometric recovery may not indicate restoration of healthy body composition.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate long-term associations of SAM with growth and body composition of children 5 y after discharge from community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM).

Development of a research mentorship guide and consensus statement for low- and middle-income countries: Results of a modified Delphi process.

Background: Institutional research mentorship is a form of mentorship whereby institutions foster mentor-mentee relationships. Research mentorship improves research effectiveness and supports relationships. However, resources are needed in order to institutionalize research mentorship tailored to low- and middle- income countries (LMICs).

Mapping the range of policies relevant to care of small and nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months and their mothers in Ethiopia: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Evidence gaps limit management of small and/or nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months and their mothers, who are at higher risk of death, illness, malnutrition and poor growth and development. These infants may be low birth weight, wasted, stunted and/or underweight. An integrated care model to guide their management (MAMI Care Pathway) is being tested in a randomised controlled trial in Ethiopia.

Contribution of the World Health Organization/ the special program for research and training in tropical disease (WHO/TDR's) in institution building: lessons from Ethiopia.

Background: World Health Organization/Tropical Disease Research (WHO/TDR) has enduring investment in transfers of skills critical to sustaining resilient health research systems through postgraduate training, clinical research and development fellowship (CRDF), bioethics, and grants to neglected tropical disease research. TDR has a long history of partnership with Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) in Ethiopia. The collaboration started with individuals and lead to institution survival and success.

Health research mentorship in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to explore and synthesize the available literature on health research mentorship in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Introduction: Research mentorship is broadly considered a useful strategy to improve research capacities and research outputs. Existing literature and guidance on research mentorship have focused on high-income countries and assumed resource-rich environments.

Escalating spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection after school reopening among students in hotspot districts of Oromia Region in Ethiopia: Longitudinal study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused by extended variants of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 350 million people, resulting in over 5.5 million deaths globally. However, the actual burden of the pandemic in Africa, particularly among children, remains largely unknown.