Physical activity and survival in chronic comorbidity among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy enables people living with HIV to live long lives, and these advances have transformed HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease. Many non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, are influenced by physical inactivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of physical activity and survival in chronic co-morbidity among adult people living with HIV in Ethiopia.

Guidelines for the establishment and functioning of Animal Ethics Commitees (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees) in Africa.

Animals are used for scientific purposes across Africa to benefit humans, animals or the environment. Nonetheless, ethical and regulatory oversight remains limited in many parts of the continent. To strengthen this governance framework, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics brought together experts from 12 African countries to create an Africa-centric practical guide to facilitate the establishment and appropriate functioning of Institutional Animal Ethics Committees across Africa.

A qualitative study exploring perceptions of people living with HIV using antiretroviral therapy on self-management of healthy nutrition and the related healthcare service in Ethiopia.

In Ethiopia, undernutrition is a quite common health problem among people living with HIV. Unlike in developed countries, nutritional counseling for people living with HIV has not received much attention. This study aimed to explore the perception of people living with HIV on their dietary practice and the existing health care service in Ethiopia.

Nutritional Treatment Outcomes of Therapeutic Feeding Program and Its Predictors Among HIV Patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa City, Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: HIV-induced malnutrition is highly prevalent in different parts of the world particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The food intervention package is one of the strategies that targets malnutrition among HIV-infected people through nutritional evaluation, counseling and care. However, little is known concerning the outcomes of intervention in such patients in treatment program.

Development of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, and Associated Factors, Among Adult HIV Patients in Ethiopia.

Background: Medical improvements and increased access to treatment have turned HIV from a highly fatal disease into a treatable and controllable disease. With the improvement in lifespan, HIV patients face increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes mellitus). There is, nevertheless, a paucity of information on the scale of HIV noncommunicable disease comorbidity and its associated factors.

Antidiabetic Activity of Hot Tea Infusion of Leaves of in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Background: is a traditionally used medicinal plant that has been used for the management of different disorders including diabetes in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of hot tea infusion of leaves of in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Experimental animals were Wistar male rats aged 4-6 weeks weighing 200-250 gram.

Laryngeal Actinomycosis -A Case of 36 Year Old Female at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Patient.

Background: Actinomycosis is a granulomatous infection produced by filamentous, gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Due to its rarity, ambiguous symptoms, and resemblance to more frequent disorders, including cancer, Crohn's disease, and tuberculosis, it is a challenging disease to identify preoperatively.

Case Presentation: Our case was a case of a 36-year-old woman from the Oromia region's West Arsi zone, who presented with a 6-month history of snoring, dysphonia, and cough, as well as significant but unquantified weight loss, fatigue, and low-grade and intermittent fever, for which she had visited various health facilities with no noticeable improvements in her symptoms.

Physical activity level and associated factors among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia.

Background: People living with HIV, who take antiretroviral therapy (ART), often enjoy long and healthy lives, but this therapy has well known metabolic adverse effects. Physical activity is found to be an important factor in improving these physiological parameters. This study aimed to determine physical activity level and associated factors among HIV patients in Ethiopia.

The First Experience of Effective 3rd Line Antiretroviral Therapy - A Case of 40-Year-Old Female Retroviral-Infected Patient at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.

Background: Treatment failure continues to be an impediment to the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HART) in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (HIV-1). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for patients who have failed second-line ART. Darunavir (DRV) boosted with ritonavir (DRV/r) has a higher genetic barrier to resistance, is active against multidrug-resistant HIV isolates, retaining virological activity even when multiple protease mutations are present, and has been shown to be cost-effective when compared to other boosted protease inhibitors (PIs).

A Case of Trichinellosis in a 14-Year-Old Male Child at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.

Background: Trichinellosis develops after ingestion of cysts in pork meat. It is one of the most important parasitic human pathogens in the world. It is, however, underreported in part because none of the clinical manifestations are pathognomonic.

Exclusive Breast-Feeding Practice and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Mothers in Governmental Health Facilities, Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: Globally, over 90% of HIV infections among children are due to mother-to-child transmission and breastfeeding accounts for 5-20% of the burden. Avoidance of inappropriate feeding practices and practicing exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission, but it is hardly practiced. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among HIV-positive mothers attending governmental PMTCT clinics in Southern Ethiopia.

The epidemiology of headaches among patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head or neck that causes disability in most people with medical and neurological disorders. It frequently co-occurs with most chronic diseases such as epilepsy and significantly impacts the quality of life. However, epidemiologic data from different studies showed different rates of prevalence.

Factors associated with scabies outbreaks in primary schools in Ethiopia: a case-control study.

Background: Scabies is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide every year. Scabies in school adolescents and young adults could affect their school performance. The current study investigates the factors associated with an outbreak of scabies at primary schools in southern Ethiopia.

Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorder among HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Hawassa City, Ethiopia.

Background: Common mental disorder (CMD) is a group of disorders which include depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders with significant contributions to the burden of disease. It can lead to high social, economic and individual costs because it accounts for one-third of the days missed at work and a fifth of all primary health-care appointment. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among HIV patients in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, 2018.

Depression, Anxiety and Their Correlates Among Patients With HIV in South Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Depressive and anxious symptoms are more regularly seen in HIV-infected people than in the general population. This investigation planned to evaluate the magnitude and factors related to depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV patients in South Ethiopia, 2018. This was an institution-based cross-sectional study directed among 363 HIV-infected individuals who had a customary visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia, who were incorporated into the study through systematic sampling techniques.

Alcohol use disorder and associated factors among individuals living with HIV in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a facility based cross- sectional study.

Background: Individuals living with HIV/AIDS with co-occurring harmful alcohol use may require specialized intervention or even multi-disciplinary team follow-up and management. This study was aimed to assess alcohol use disorder and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Hawassa city, Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 people living with HIV/AIDS who had follow-up visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized hospital.

Radiologic Diagnosis and Hospitalization among Children with Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the role of chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumonia and assess the association of clinical characteristics with radiologic findings and predictors of hospitalization among children with severe community acquired pneumonia.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 122 children between ages of 3 month and 14 years admitted to pediatric emergency unit with diagnosis of severe pneumonia from September 1 to November 30, 2017. Eligible children were subjected to chest radiography which was read by two senior radiologists independently ( and ).

Antimicrobial resistance profile of staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from ear discharges of patients at University of Hawassa comprehensive specialized hospital.

Background: Drug-resistant microorganism are a growing global danger. Strains of S. aureus have developed resistance to many commonly used antimicrobials due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, and treatment becoming a challenge.

Antidiabetic activities of aqueous ethanol and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Moringa stenopetala has been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous ethanol and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Methods: The aqueous ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves hydroalcoholic (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) were administered to diabetic rats.

In vivo antiplasmodial and toxicological effect of crude ethanol extract of Echinops kebericho traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Ethiopia.

Background: Medicinal plants have contributed significantly to current malaria treatment. Emergence of resistance to currently available drugs has necessitated the search for new plant-based anti-malarial agents and several plant-based, pharmacologically active anti-malarial compounds have been isolated. This study was conducted to validate the traditional usage of Echinops kebericho for treating malaria in the traditional health care system of Ethiopia.

Intestinal α-glucosidase and some pancreatic enzymes inhibitory effect of hydroalcholic extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves.

Background: Moringa stenopetala has been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. One of the successful methods to prevent of the onset of diabetes is to control postprandial hyperglycemia by the inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase activities, resulting in the aggressive delay of the carbohydrate digestion of absorbable monosaccharides. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the extract of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala on α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase activities, and, therefore find out the relevance of the plant in controlling blood sugar and lipid levels.