Trachoma Impact Survey Results from 31 Woredas in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Baseline surveys were conducted in Tigray region, Ethiopia, in 2013. Since then, rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) have been delivered in-line with international guidance. The purpose of these surveys was to assess trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence following those treatments to enable the region to plan the next steps towards elimination of trachoma.

Genotypes and drug resistance pattern of complex among clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Background: Clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (CDPTB) patients account for a huge proportion of TB. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and drug resistance profile of Complex (MTBC) strains in this group of patients.

Method: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 313 PTB patients to compare the genetic diversity of MTBC and their drug resistance profiles among CDPTB ( = 173) and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (BCPTB) ( = 140) patients.

Rhenium-Sulfido and -Dithiolato Corroles: Reflections on Chalcophilicity.

The high-temperature (∼180 °C) reaction between free-base -triarylcorroles and Re(CO), followed by exposure to PCl and thiols (or elemental sulfur), affords rhenium-sulfido (ReS) corroles in 67-76% yields. The use of shorter reaction times, lower temperatures (∼130 °C), and a dithiol (e.g.

Burden, risk factors, and maternal postpartum and birth outcomes of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in Ethiopia, 2024: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This review aimed to report the estimated pooled level of prevalence, risk factors, and birth outcome of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in Ethiopia, in 2024.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was utilized.

Data Sources And Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, Web of Science, and CINHAL (EBSCO) search was carried out.

Utilization of birth companionship and its associated factors among laboring mothers during facilities birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Birth companionship is one strategy for improving maternal and neonatal quality of care, as well as their outcomes. It is a low-cost and effective care that provide mothers with evidence-based practices throughout labor and delivery in health facilities. WHO has suggested that birth companionship can be given by a family member, spouse, friend, and doula.

Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy of Coinage Metal Corroles: Comparison with Solution-Phase Electrochemistry.

A combined direct and inverse photoemission study of coinage metal corroles suggests that the latter technique, in favorable cases, can provide some additional information relative to electrochemical measurements. Thus, whereas inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) provides relative electron affinities for electron addition to different unoccupied orbitals, electrochemical reduction potentials shed light on the energetics of electron additions. While all three coinage metal triphenylcorrole (TPC) complexes exhibit similar ionization potentials, they exhibit dramatically different inverse photoemission spectra.

A novel Skin lesion prediction and classification technique: ViT-GradCAM.

Background: Skin cancer is one of the highly occurring diseases in human life. Early detection and treatment are the prime and necessary points to reduce the malignancy of infections. Deep learning techniques are supplementary tools to assist clinical experts in detecting and localizing skin lesions.

Right-sided Aortic Arch with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery arising from Kommerell's Diverticulum: A case report.

Right-sided aortic arch, first documented by Fioratti and Aglietti in 1763, is a rare variant of the thoracic vascular anatomy present in about 0.1% of the adult population. In half of these cases the left subclavian artery is also aberrant.

Extremely uncommon torsion and communicating ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy at third trimester: A case report.

Torsion and rupture are life-threatening emergencies in rudimentary horn pregnancy, an extremely rare type of ectopic pregnancy. This case report aims to share the diagnosis and treatment of a patient, with torsion and ruptured horn pregnancy in a setting, with limited resources. It highlights the challenges faced and the strategies employed to ensure appropriate care.

"All of us are capable, and all of us can be scientists." The impact of Scientist Spotlight assignments with undergraduates in physiology courses.

To advance ongoing efforts to diversify the healthcare field and promote inclusion in physiology education, the present study investigates the potential for an evidence-based intervention, Scientist Spotlight assignments, to highlight counterstereotypical representations of scientists in the context of majors and nonmajors physiology courses. Undergraduate students at an emerging Hispanic serving R1 institution completed six Scientist Spotlights assignments in their physiology courses. We conducted semistructured interviews and disseminated an established pre- and postsurvey protocol at the beginning and end of the courses.

Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy and associated risk factors in Majang Zone, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia: a hard-to-reach malaria hotspot.

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (AMiP) is a daunting public health problem with multifaceted adverse outcomes for mothers, fetuses, newborns and beyond. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of AMiP and anaemia in Majang Zone, Gambella, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 pregnant women attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics of five health facilities in the Majang Zone from November 2022 to February 2023.

Completion and predictors of maternity continuum of care among women in the post-partum period in Gedeb district, southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Maternal and neonatal complications related to pregnancy and childbirth pose a significant risk of morbidity and mortality to both the mother and the child. Despite its benefits in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with pregnancy and childbirth, the majority of Ethiopian mothers were dropped from the maternal continuum of care. Furthermore, there is a dearth of data regarding the status of the maternal continuum of care and its underlying factors in southern Ethiopia.

Effectiveness of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Training for Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Physical exercise is a well-established method for managing blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and a combination of both aerobic plus resistance training on BP, body composition (BC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among hypertensive patients.

Methods: The total population was sixty hypertensive patients; of these, forty-eight male adults (45.

A rare case of azygos arch tumor thrombus in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is among the top ten worldwide causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for over 90% of all cases in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Azygos arch and azygos vein tumor thrombus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a rarely reported phenomenon.

'God is the one who give child': An abductive analysis of barriers to postnatal care using the Health Equity Implementation Framework.

Background: Postnatal care is recommended as a means of preventing maternal mortality during the postpartum period, but many women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not access care during this period. We set out to examine sociocultural preferences that have been portrayed as barriers to care.

Methods: We performed an abductive analysis of 63 semi-structured interviews with women who had recently given birth in three regions of Ethiopia using the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) and an inductive-deductive codebook to understand why women in Ethiopia do not use recommended postnatal care.

Determinants and Magnitude of Neonatal Sepsis at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a serious blood bacterial infection in neonates at the age of equal to or less than 28 days of life, and it's still the major significant cause of death and long-term morbidity in developing countries.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and related factors with neonatal sepsis among newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among 386 neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from September 2017 to August 2019.

Prevalence and associated factors of refractive error among adults in South Ethiopia, a community-based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of refractive error has become a serious health issue that needs serious attention. However, there are few studies regarding the prevalence and associated factors of refractive error at the community level in Ethiopia as well as in the study area. Therefore, providing updated data is crucial to reduce the burdens of refractive error in the community.

Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Comparative Study.

Background: Prevalence surveys in Ethiopia indicate smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPTB) taking the major share of the overall TB burden. It has also been a diagnostic dilemma worldwide leading to diagnostic delays and difficulty in monitoring treatment outcomes. This study determines and compares the clinical and imaging findings in SNPTB and smear positive PTB (SPPTB).

Quality of Chronic Disease (Diabetes & Hypertension) Care in Health Care Facilities in High Disease Burden Areas in Sidama Region: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are major synergistic risk factors for microvasculopathy, microangiopathy, and neuropathy problems among patients with chronic disorder. Control of hypertension and diabetes have significant value in delaying these complications. The key for delaying complications in diabetes and hypertension is the quality of care.

Availability of Maternal, Newborn care and Child Health Services at Primary Health Care Unit during COVID-19 Outbreak in Ethiopia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a pressure on global health systems. The disruption of essential health services (EHS) has an impact on the health of mothers, neonate and children in developing countries. Therefore, the main aim of this study was assessing the availability of Maternal, Newborn care and Child health (MNCHS) services at primary health care unit during COVID-19 outbreak.

COVID-19 Infection Prevention Preparedness, Practices and Case Management in the Primary Health Care Units in Ethiopia.

Background: COVID-19 as pandemic declared by WHO on March 11, 2020 and first case detected in Ethiopia on March 13/2020. The COVID-19 caused a global crisis, including millions of lives lost, public health systems in shock and economic and social disruption. Strategies depend on how an existing health system is organized.

Assessment of Availability of Tracer Drugs and Basic Diagnostics at Public Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply chain and stock of medicines and drugs across the globe. Tracer drugs are essential medicines that address the population's priority health problems. Thus, this study aimed to assess availability of tracer drugs and basic diagnostics at public primary health care facilities in Ethiopia.