Tissue and urinary KIM-1 relate to tumor characteristics in patients with clear renal cell carcinoma.

The objective of this prospective follow-up trial was to ascertain whether the urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) associates with tumor tissue (tKIM-1) expression and with the pathological characteristics of clear renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) in radically nephrectomized (RN) and/or in partially nephrectomized (PN) patients with cRCC, pre- and postoperatively. This clinical study included 40 patients subjected to RN/PN (cRCC group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group). Urinary KIM-1 was determined by ELISA TIM-1/KIM-1 kit and normalized by urinary creatinine.

Metastasis of Prostate Adenocarcinoma to the Testis.

Introduction: Prostate carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed carcinoma in the male population. The most typical places of the metastases are pelvic lymphatic glands, bones and lungs, and very rarely it metastasizes into a testis. The prognostic importance of testicular metastasis of prostate cancer is not yet well-known, due to a very few published cases.

Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder--A case report.

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor and presents less than 0.06% of all urinary bladder tumors.

Case Report: We presented a 49-year-old female patient with a history of daily paroxysmal hypertension accompanied with flushing of the face and upper chest, palpitations and excessive sweating prior to micturition.

Neobladder “Belgrade pouch”: Metabolic consideration.

Background/aim: The ileal neobladder should be a lowpressure reservoir with acceptable volume and relatively small resorptive surface. A larger inner surface of the ileal pouch is associated with the high resorption of urine metabolites through intestinal mucosa and systemic metabolic disturbances, while a too small pouch results in a higher frequency of voiding and incontinency. The aim of this study was to investigate it is possible to create a neobladder from a shorter ileal segment compared to standard surgical techniques, and reduce metabolic complications.

Urinary KIM-1 and AQP-1 in patients with clear renal cell carcinoma: Potential noninvasive biomarkers.

Background/aim: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) are potential early urinary biomarkers of clear renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). The aim of this study was to ascertain relationship between the urine concentrations KIM-1 and AQP-1 with tumor size, grade, pT stage and type of operation (radical or partial nephrectomy) in patients with cRCC.

Methods: Urinary concentrations of urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary AQP-1 (uAQP-1) were determined by commercially available ELISA kits.

An Aggressive Retroperitoneal Fibromatosis.

Introduction: Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors that have locally infiltrative growth and a tendency to relapse. The clinical picture is often conditioned by the obstruction of the ureter or small intestine. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and histological parameters.

The clinical course of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection of the tumor with or without subsequent intravesical application of bacillus Calmette-Guérin: The influence of patients gender and age.

Unlabelled: BACGROUND/AIM: The therapy with intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after transurethral resection (TUR) of tumor is the gold standard of treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The role and importance of BCG intravesical therapy in various shape of tumors, were confirmed by our previous investigation. The aim of this study was to examine whether incidence of recurrence and tumor regression differs depending on sex and age of patients.

Difference in recurrence frequencies of non-muscle-invasive-bladder tumors depending on optimal usage of intravesical immunotherapy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Background/aim: The therapy with intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after transurethral resection (ITJR) of the tumor is the gold standard of treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of this study was to compare the frequencies of reccurence between a group of patients submitted to TUR + BCG therapy (group I) and a group of patients submitted only to TUR (group II).

Methods: The patients with NMIBC, a total of 899, treated in our Institution from January 1, 2007 to March, 2013, were included in this study and divided into two groups: group I and group II.

Radical cystectomy in eldery.

Background/aim: Radical cystectomy is the method of choice for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer. This major surgery is associated with many complications, especially in older patients. The aim of this study was to analyze preoperative comorbidity, and intraoperative and postoperative complicatons in patients older than 75 years.

Rare locations of metastastatic renal cell carcinoma: a presentation of three cases.

Introduction: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently spreads not only to neighboring lymph nodes, but also to distant organs, including the lungs, liver, bones and brain.

Case Report: We presented three cases of RCC with colon metastasis. In the first, 63-year-old patient, after left nephrectomy followed with lyphadenectomy in paraaortic lymph node, left hemicolectomy was done due to RCC metastasis in rectosigmoid colon.

Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus of recipients with chronic kidney graft disease grade III for a period 2003-2011.

Background/aim: Tremendous breakthrough in solid organ transplantation was made with the introduction of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). At the same time, they are potentially nephrotoxic drugs with influence on onset and progression of renal graft failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of a conversion from CNI-based immunosuppressive protocol to sirolimus (SRL) in recipients with graft in chronic kidney disease (CKD) grade III and proteinuria below 500 mg/day.

Urodynamic characteristics of the modified orthotopic ileal neobladder.

Background/aim: Radical cystectomy is the method of choice in management of muscle invasive, organ-confined tumors of the bladder (T2-T4, N0-Nx). The most frequent continent orthotopic urinary diversion after radical cystectomy is the ileal neobladder. A modified technique consists of using a shorter segment of the terminal ileum than the standard technique, around 30 cm.

Living unrelated donor kidney transplantation--a fourteen-year experience.

Background: In countries without a national organization for retrieval and distribution of organs of the deceased donors, problem of organ shortage is still not resolved. In order to increase the number of kidney transplantations we started with the program of living unrelated - spousal donors. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcome and renal graft function in patients receiving the graft from spousal and those receiving ghe graft from living related donors.

[Post-voiding residual urine and capacity increase in orthotopic urinary diversion--standard vs. modified technique].

Background/aim: Ever since the time when the first orthotopic urinary diversion (pouch) was performed there has been a constant improvement and modification of surgical techniques. The aim has been to create a urinary reservoir similar to normal bladder, to decrease incidence of postoperative complications and provide an improved life quality. The aim of this study was to compare post-voiding residual urine (PVR) and capacity of the pouch constructed by standard or modified technique.

Short ileal segment for orthotopic neobladder: a feasibility study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to present the construction of a neobladder with a modified pouch technique using 25-35 cm of terminal ileum.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients whose pouch was constructed from 25-35 cm of terminal ileum (short pouch [SP] group) were prospectively evaluated vs 41 patients whose pouch was constructed from 50-70 cm of terminal ileum (long pouch group). Pouch volume, post-void residual (PVR) volume, need for catheterization, continence and voiding frequency were evaluated at 3 and 12 months after surgery.

[On 10-year experience in the use of direct and antireflux techniques of anastomosis of ureter and orthotopic intestinal neobladder after radical cystectomy].

Background/aim: Today, radical cystectomy is the method of choice in treatment of muscle invasive bladder carcinoma in stage T2-T4a, No-Nx, Mo, and orthotopic derivation is for patients the most comfortable derivation of urin. From 1888 when Tizzoni and Foggi performed the first orthotopic derivation on animals, and 1913 when Lemoin declared the first orthotopic derivation in humans there has been a constant improvement and modification of orthotopic urinary diversion after radical cystectomy which significantly decrease the number and severity of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to compare complications regarding the direct and antireflux ureter-neobladder anastomosis.

[Comparison of the suppressing capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil effects on the pronounce of inflammatory cells score in the induction of episcleral fibrosis after trabeculectomy].

Background/aim: Trabeculectomy is a filtering antiglaucoma surgery performed to facilitate the formation of a drainage channel for the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye to the subconjunctival space making a collector, filtering cushion of the eyeliquid. The cause of unfavourable outcome of trabeculectomy is episcleral fibrosis which leads to the obstruction of the drainage channel Inflammatory reaction is an initial, but, also, the key event in the process of fibrosis and directly proportional to it A successful medicamentous suppression of inflammation could stop fibrosis. Arccordingly, the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate suppressing effects of capecitabine and 5-fluoroaracil upon inflammation, an initial fibrosis process after trabeculectomy.

[Leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Eastern Herzegovina].

Introduction: Visual impairment and blindness are serious social and health problems in the world. 1992 classification of visual disorders by World Health Organization has recently been implemented. The goal of this study was to determine common causes of visual impairment and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina.

[Use of gastric segment in urinary bladder replacement after total cystectomy].

Drainage of urine by abnormal way is urinary derivation. Various forms of urinary derivations are available for urinary bladder replacement after radical cystectomy for invasive bladder tumor. Construction of continent urinary reservoir, so called pouch, from different bowel segments is named continent urinary derivations.

[Cataract as a leading cause of visual disability and blindness in the region of Eastern Sarajevo and Eastern Herzegovina].

Introduction: Cataract is the second leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the region of Eastern Herzegovina and Eastern Sarajevo. It is a curable and preventable cause of blindness, because visual function can be surgically recovered. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of cataract among registered blind population.

[The aqueous humour antioxidative capacity in different types and color of the age-related cataract].

Background/aim: Oxidative stress results from increased oxidative processes, decreased antioxidative protection, or both processes simultaneously. Photooxidative stress, as a form of oxidative stress, induced by the energy of solar radiation, today is considered as crucial in the age-related cataractogenesis. Other known and unknown, endogenous and egsogenous factors that contribute to the oxidative stress intensity, can influnce the cataract type and brunescence.

[Advanced prostatic carcinoma with low levels of serum prostate-specific antigen].

The serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) represent a significant diagnostic and monitoring parameter of prostatic carcinoma (PC). The aim of the study was to establish correlation of serum PSA level in addition to grade, histological type, and clinical stage of PC in patients with normal or intermediary PSA serum level. In 37 untreated PC patients with preoperative serum PSA levels ranging between 0.

[The closed head injury syndrome--frequency and character of brain parenchyma lesions].

The aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency and character of the brain parenchyma lesions using CT scan and MR in patients with closed head injury, and afterwards to establish the connection of those changes with clinical parameters (neurological deficit and the degree of consciousness disorder), evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of neuroradiological procedures. The investigation comprised 40 patients with closed head injury. Grade of neurological deficit (Canadian Neurological Scale) and the degree of consciousness disorder (Glasgow Coma Scale) were determined in all patients by the same neurologist.