Diet and the Gut Microbiome as Determinants Modulating Metabolic Outcomes in Young Obese Adults.

Obesity, along with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, various cancers, and other non-communicable diseases, thereby contributing to higher mortality rates. The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing human metabolism. This study enrolled 82 young obese individuals, who were stratified into groups with or without metabolic disturbances.

The use of omics technologies in creating LBP and postbiotics based on the U-21.

In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to create drugs based on certain commensal bacteria of the human microbiota and their ingredients, primarily focusing on live biotherapeutics (LBPs) and postbiotics. The creation of such drugs, termed pharmacobiotics, necessitates an understanding of their mechanisms of action and the identification of pharmacologically active ingredients that determine their target properties. Typically, these are complexes of biologically active substances synthesized by specific strains, promoted as LBPs or postbiotics (including vesicles): proteins, enzymes, low molecular weight metabolites, small RNAs, etc.

The Effects of Acute Bisphenol A Toxicity on the Hematological Parameters, Hematopoiesis, and Kidney Histology of Zebrafish ().

In this study, the results of evaluating the acute toxicity of Bisphenol A on are presented, encompassing peripheral blood parameters, the composition of hematopoietic cells of erythroid and myeloid lines in the head kidney, and data from histological studies. The LC50 values of Bisphenol A for adult zebrafish individuals for 12, 24, and 48-96 h were determined, which were 18.04, 7.

Novel Derivatives of Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic Acid 1,4-Dioxides as Antimycobacterial Agents: Mechanistic Studies and Therapeutic Potential.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 leading causes of global mortality. The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant TB highlights the urgent need for an intensified quest to discover innovative anti-TB medications In this study, we investigated four new derivatives from the quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid 1,4-dioxide class. New 3-methylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with a variation in substituents at positions 2 and 6(7) were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with amines and assessed against a spp.

Ability of 47f to Alleviate the Toxic Effects of Imidacloprid Low Concentration on the Histological Parameters and Cytokine Profile of Zebrafish ().

In the present article, the possible mitigation of the toxic effect of imidacloprid low-concentration chronic exposure on by the probiotic strain 47f (1 × 10 CFU/g) was examined. It was found that even sublethal concentration (2500 µg/L) could lead to the death of some fish during the 60-day chronic experiment. However, the use of 47f partially reduced the toxic effects, resulting in an increased survival rate and a significant reduction of morphohistological lesions in the intestines and kidneys of .

Metabolites Potentially Determine the High Antioxidant Properties of U-21.

Many kinds of are common occupants of humans' digestive tract that support the preservation of a balanced microbial environment that benefits host health. In this study, the unique lactic acid bacterium strain U-21, which was isolated from the feces of a healthy human, was examined for its metabolite profile in order to compare it to that of the strain 279, which does not have antioxidant (AO) capabilities. By using GC × GC-MS, the metabolite fingerprint of each strain was identified, and the data were then subjected to multivariate bioinformatics analysis.

Kanamycin and Ofloxacin Activate the Intrinsic Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics in .

Drug resistance (DR) in is the main problem in fighting tuberculosis (TB). This pathogenic bacterium has several types of DR implementation: acquired and intrinsic DR. Recent studies have shown that exposure to various antibiotics activates multiple genes, including genes responsible for intrinsic DR.

Effects of Three Feed Additives on the Culturable Microbiota Composition and Histology of the Anterior and Posterior Intestines of Zebrafish ().

In this study, the effect of three promising feed additives (chelated compounds of trace elements, butyric acid, lycopene) on changes in the culturable microbiota and histological parameters of two sections of the intestines of (zebrafish) was studied. The use of these feed additives can help to eliminate the deficiency of trace elements, modulate the composition of the microbiota due to the postbiotic properties of butyric acid, and reduce oxidative stress when using lycopene. Incorporation of the investigated supplements in the feed resulted in a significant change in the relative abundance of certain groups of microorganisms.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

The emergence of drug resistance in pathogens leads to a loss of effectiveness of antimicrobials and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides represent a prospective scaffold for search of new compounds with improved chemotherapeutic characteristics. Novel 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with alteration of substituents at position 2 and 6 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with piperazine moiety and evaluated against a broad panel of bacteria and fungi by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations.

Repurposing Based Identification of Novel Inhibitors against MmpS5-MmpL5 Efflux Pump of : A Combined In Silico and In Vitro Study.

In the current era of a pandemic, infections of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis (TB) enhance the detrimental effects of both diseases in suffering individuals. The resistance mechanisms evolving in are limiting the efficiency of current therapeutic measures and pressurizing the stressed medical infrastructures. The bacterial efflux pumps enable the development of resistance against recently approved drugs such as bedaquiline and clofazimine.

Identification of Mutations Conferring Tryptanthrin Resistance to .

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , is a global burden, responsible for over 1 million deaths annually. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains (MDR-, XDR- and TDR-TB) is the main challenge in global TB-control, requiring the development of novel drugs acting on new biotargets, thus able to overcome the drug-resistance. Tryptanthrin is a natural alkaloid, with great therapeutic potential due to its simple way of synthesis and wide spectrum of biological activities including high bactericidal activity on both drug-susceptible and MDR strains.

Transcriptomic dataset of exposed to an imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazine.

Deciphering the mechanism of action of novel anti-tuberculosis compounds is a key step in the drug development process. We have previously described a number of imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines with a promising activity on [1]. These compounds had predicted activity as serine‑threonine protein kinase inhibitors, however spontaneous drug resistant (formerly ) revealed only the mycobacterial mechanism of resistance to imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines: mutations in gene lead to overexpression of the operon in , thus providing resistance to imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines via enhanced efflux [2].

MmpS5-MmpL5 Transporters Provide Resistance to imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines.

The emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains (including MDR, XDR, and TDR) force scientists worldwide to search for new anti-tuberculosis drugs. We have previously reported a number of imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines - putative inhibitors of mycobacterial eukaryotic-type serine-threonine protein-kinases, active against . Whole genomic sequences of spontaneous drug-resistant mutants revealed four genes possibly involved in imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines resistance; however, the exact mechanism of resistance remain unknown.

Bioinformatics analysis of genes of Streptomyces xinghaiensis (fradiae) ATCC 19609 with a focus on mutations conferring resistance to oligomycin A and its derivatives.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to obtain Streptomyces xinghaiensis (fradiae) ATCC 19609 mutants resistant to oligomycin A and its derivatives and to identify the underlying mechanism of resistance. This study was based on the premise that S. xinghaiensis ATCC 19609 contains several oligomycin A biological targets, explaining why the strain remains supersensitive to oligomycin A despite all efforts to obtain resistant mutants using standard genetic methods.

Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Strains Resistant to Imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]Tetrazines.

Here, we report 12 draft genome sequences of mutant strains resistant to imidazo[1,2-][1,2,4,5]tetrazines, which are antituberculosis drug candidates. We have identified 7 different mutations in the MSMEG_1380 gene, which encodes the AcrR/TetR_N transcriptional repressor, which may activate efflux-mediated resistance.

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces xinghaiensis () OlgR, a Strain Resistant to Oligomycin A.

We report a draft genome sequence of Streptomyces xinghaiensis () OlgR, which is resistant to oligomycin A. This mutant strain is derived from S. xinghaiensis OlgR2.

A functional study of the global transcriptional regulator PadR from a strain Streptomyces fradiae-nitR+bld, resistant to nitrone-oligomycin.

We describe Streptomyces fradiae mechanisms of sensitivity to nitrone-oligomycin A, a derivative of oligomycin A. We obtained S. fradiae-nitR bld, a nitrone-oligomycin A resistant mutant with a «bald» phenotype.

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces fradiae olg1-1, a Strain Resistant to Nitrone-Oligomycin.

We report a draft genome sequence of Streptomyces fradiae olg1-1, a mutant strain derived from the model object S. fradiae ATCC 19609, which is resistant to nitrone-oligomycin and has a mutation in the DNA-binding domain of a transcriptional regulator PadR.

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 19609, a Strain Highly Sensitive to Antibiotics.

We report here a sequence of the genome of the Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 19609 strain, initially isolated from the soil, which produces tylosin. S. fradiae is highly sensitive to different classes of antibiotics, compared to the sensitivities of other bacteria.