[Main epidemiological indicators of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Russian Federation for 2014-2023].

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus in childhood, where, unlike in adults, it accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes. The constant change in the epidemiology of T1DM with significant differences in populations and regions requires systematic data collection and analysis for timely monitoring of T1DM trends.

Aim: Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of T1DM in children in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years - from 2014 to 2023.

Colloidal nanoparticles of sodium polygalacturonate prepared by nanoprecipitation.

Polygalacturonic acid (PGA), being the backbone of pectins, governs their aggregation that is widely applied in industry. The PGA aggregation was studied by dynamic and static light scattering within a limited space of sodium polygalacturonate nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation (drop-wise addition of alkaline solution of PGA to an ethanol bath). With increasing buffer's pH from 4.

The effect of organic matter humification (aromaticity and oxidation degree) on structural and nanomorphological characteristics of humic nanocomposites of metallic platinum.

Background: It has been previously found that humic substances (HSs) can serve as the environmentally benign non-toxic agent for the preparation of magnetic and noble metals nanoparticles that are increasingly used in biomedicine. The structure of HSs and, hence, their synthetic potential depend on the source of their origin. Thus, humification character, determined by conditions and duration of complex transformation of organic remains in HSs can evidence their structure, in particular their aromaticity and oxidation degree.

Selenium Nanocomposites Having Polysaccharid Matrices Stimulate Growth of Potato Plants in Vitro Infected with Ring Rot Pathogen.

The influence of nanocomposites (NC) of selenium in matrices of arabinogalactan (Se/AG) and starch (Se/St) on in vitro vegetation of potato plants, peroxidase activity, and reactive oxygen species has been thoroughly studied. It has been shown that these nanocomposites of selenium have antimicrobial effect to the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms).

Smart colloids containing ensembles of gold nanoparticles conjugated with κ-carrageenan.

We study colloids of nanobiocomposites (NBC) containing Au nanoparticles (NP) obtained by reduction of gold precursor with functional groups of κCAR. The AuNPs content was changed from 2.0 to 5.

Silver-Containing Humic Substance-Based Nanocomposites-Agents for Healing of Potatoes from the Ring Rot.

The influence of silver-containing humic substance (HS)-based nanocomposites (NCs) obtained from mud, shale, and coals of three kinds of deposits in Mongolia on the viability and ability to biofilm formation of a phytopathogenic gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms), as well as peroxidase activity and potato plant growth in vitro, has been investigated. The maximum reduction of the viability of bacterial cells was found in the case of incubation with HS-mu/Ag NC and HS-coal/Ag NC.

Association of κ-carrageenan subjected to deep alkaline hydrolysis.

κ-carrageenan is a linear sulfated anionic gelling polysaccharide obtained from red seaweed algae by an alkaline hydrolysis. We applied static and dynamic light scattering (DLS), capillary viscometry, FT-IR, and electrophoretic DLS to gain insight into the effect of deep alkaline hydrolysis (95 °C, pH = 10 during T = 60, 75, and 90 min) on κ-carrageenan macromolecules in a coil conformation. As DLS of coil-like κ-carrageenans is usually complicated by spurious permanent aggregates, the alkaline hydrolysis of κ-carrageenans has not been studied by DLS.

[Disinfectant compositions on the basis of SAS - Vilagin - water systems].

The solubility in the SAS - Vilagin - water systems has been investigated at 25 °С for the purpose of the delivery of liquid disinfectants for various surfaces. There are established SAS as effective homogenisers for the stratified system “Vilagin - water”, not effecting on the bactericidal activity of Vilagin. With the aid of the software Optimum there were elaborated compositions in the system “Vilagin - Perlastan AL-30-water” which seem to be optimal on both the content and disinfectant activity (a degree of disinfecting of 99.

Chiroplasmonic magnetic gold nanocomposites produced by one-step aqueous method using κ-carrageenan.

Novel water-soluble chiroplasmonic nanobiocomposites with directly varied gold content were synthesized by a one-step redox method in water using a biocompatible polysaccharide κ-carrageenan (industrial product from algae) as both reducing and stabilizing matrix. The influence of the reactants ratio, temperature, and pH on the reaction was studied and the optimal reaction parameters were found. The structure and the properties of composite nanomaterials were examined in solid state and aqueous solutions by using complementary physical-chemical methods X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopy of electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic absorption and optical spectroscopy, polarimetry including optical rotatory dispersion with registration of interphase-crossbred Cotton effect of a chiral polysaccharide matrix on plasmonic chromophore of gold nanoparticles, dynamic and static light scattering.

Effect of Metal-Containing Nanocomposites on Functional Status of the Thymus in Experimental Animals.

The effects of nanostructurized composites argentogalactomannan and argento-poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triasole on the kinetics of T cell maturation in the thymus of albino mice were studied. These nanocomposites stimulated the formation of CD3CD4CD8 and CD3CD4CD8 cells from CD3CD4CD8 cells, the effect of argentogalactomannan was more potent. The efficiency of these compounds as agents improving the defense potential deserves special studies.

[Characterization of contamination of hematology hospital environmental objects with micromycetes].

The paper presents of laboratory studies of the environmental objects in the hematology unit of a multidisciplinary hospital for micromycetes. Its air was found to be highly contaminated with mold fungi (85.4 ± 5.

[The order of coding road traffic injuries in accordance with ICD-10 at government forensic medical expertise institutions of the Russian Federation].

The authors describe the order of coding road traffic injuries in accordance with the 10th edition of the International Classification of the Disease (ICD-10) at government forensic medical expertise institutions of the Russian Federation. In addition, they analyse the application of the coding rules and the identification of the primary causes of death with a view to obtaining reliable road traffic accident mortality statistics compatible with the respective internationally available data. Special attention is given to the consideration and recommendation of the rules for making forensic medical diagnosis in accordance with the requirements of ICD-10 and its inclusion in the road traffic death certificates.

[Procedure for coding the causes of death in some circulatory system diseases].

The paper deals with the unification of requirements for coding the causes of death in circulatory system diseases, by taking into account the recently updated ICD-10 and the Consensus of the Expert Council Task Force on Pathological Anatomy, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (27 February 2014).

Colloidal aggregates of Pd nanoparticles supported by larch arabinogalactan.

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are used in catalysis, hydrogen storage, biomedicine, and so on. Arranging the self-assembly of PdNPs within colloidal aggregates is desirable for improving their consumer properties. Stable widely dispersed colloidal aggregates of larch arabinogalactan (LARB) containing nanosized (5-nm) PdNPs were obtained by reducing Pd ions in alkaline solutions of LARB.

Light scattering from aqueous solutions of colloid metal nanoparticles stabilized by natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan.

Colloids of metal nanoparticles (NPs) of Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt protected by natural polymer arabinogalactan (ARB) extracted from Larix sibirica were studied. The nanocomposites were prepared by reduction of metal salts in the water solutions of ARB. We carried out dynamic (DLS) and static light scattering resonantly enhanced by the NP plasmons.

[Growth characteristics of single gene mutants of A/Leningrad/134/57(H2N2) influenza virus and cold-adapted mutant A/Leningrad/134/17/57(H2N2)].

The authors examined a role of some mutated A/Leningrad/134/17/57(H2N2) virus genes in the realization of growth characteristics. The latter of single gene reassortants (SGRs) (PB2, PB1, PA, M, and NS), epidemic virus and attenuation donor were assessed by infecting MDCK cells and hen embryos at a low inoculation index. Viral replication in the hen embryos and cultured tissue was compared at 34 degrees C.

[The etiology and pathogenesis of primary chronic adrenal insufficiency: Current aspects].

Primary chronic adrenal insufficiency is a relatively rare disease. To date, according to various authors, the prevalence of Primary chronic adrenal insufficiency in the world varies significantly.

[Epidemiological aspects of the present-day demographic situation in Russia].

Study of reference rate in healthcare institutions in 1991 - 2001 demonstrated a steady growth of general mortality and disease incidence among the population (by 22.7% and 8.1%, respectively).

[Genetic and phenotypic analysis of heterogeneous population of a cold-adapted donor of the A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) attenuation and of the donor-based reassortant influenza vaccine strains].

Cold-adapted (CA) temperature sensitive and attenuated virus A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) (Len/17) has been recently used in Russia as a donor of internal genes in the preparation of reassortant vaccine strains of CA live influenza vaccine (LIV) for all age groups. The Len/17 population was found to be heterogeneous and to be made up of clones, which differ by combinations of mutations in internal genes. Around 50% of the Len/17 population had clones with all 8 coding mutations in internal genes.

[The temperature sensitivity of epidemic influenza A viruses as a marker of immunogenicity of reassortant vaccinal strains].

The influence of ts-phenotype of epidemic viruses and of cold-adapted (CA) reassortant vaccines' strains, appropriately prepared, produced on the human immunogenicity was under investigation. A widespread variability of epidemic viruses' thermal sensitivity sign was established. It was shown that the CA reassortant vaccine strains, obtained through crossbreeding of attenuation donors and of thermally resistant epidemic viruses, are described by a higher immunogenicity.

[Comparative study of immunomodulating effects of natural experimental preparations on phagocytosis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis].

To correct defects of the body's phagocytic system, the authors used experimental agents, such as vital activity products of plant cells, which were obtained by biotechnology. These included arabinogalactan, syringin, K-212, and DFEGP. The study agents activate the oxidative metabolism of macrophages, the production of active forms of oxygen, and thus enhance its bactericidal effect against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

[Euthyroid Graves' disease (problems of diagnosis and treatment)].

Twenty-six patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy without signs of thyroid disease (according to ultrasonic scanning, measurements of free thyroxin and thyrotropic hormone-TTH) were examined. Edematous exophthalmos in the compensated stage was diagnosed in 13 patients, subclinical stage of this condition in 10, and endocrine myopathy in 3 patients. Russian drug thyroliberin was used for accurate diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction; injection of this drugs to normal subjects leads to a drastic (3.

[Criteria of primary screening of attenuated strains for live vaccine against Influenza A].

Reassortant strains for live influenza vaccine (LIV) were selected using two additional markers: intensity of cytopathic effect (CPE) at 40 degrees C in MDCK cells and toxicity for mice (induction of acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema after intranasal challenge with undiluted virus). All wild-type viruses induced a high CPE in MDCK cells, while the reassortants differed by this sign. Only vaccine strains and attenuation donors were characterized by a low CPE.

[Change in composition of hydrolyzed lignin during composting].

Microbial assemblages were composed for composting hydrolysed lignin. Data on bioconversion of aromatic compounds with various types of substitution in the ring were used for this purpose. Composting of hydrolysed lignin reduced the contents of lignin, low-hydrolyzable polysaccharides, resins, and low-molecular-weight phenols and resulted in accumulation of humic acids.