Oral Cadmium Intake Enhances Contact Allergen-induced Skin Reaction in Rats.

Objective: The effect of oral cadmium (Cd) intake to influence contact skin allergies was examined, since it is known that Cd is a heavy metal that affects many tissues, including the skin, in which it disturbs homeostasis, thus resulting in inflammation and injury.

Methods: Male rats were evoked with experimental contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) to hapten dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), after prolonged (30 day) oral exposure to an environmentally relevant Cd dose (5 ppm). The ear cell population was analyzed with flow cytometry.

Impact of the magnitude of sensitization dose on the incidence and intensity of CHS to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB): insight from ear swelling and challenged-skin draining lymph node response in rats.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin inflammatory disease that develops in hosts sensitized with contact allergens. Elucidation of dose-response relationships represents one of the approaches in studying the type of ACD in humans/animal models, termed as contact hyper-sensitivity reaction (CHS). Such studies have demonstrated that the intensity of sensitization determines the response to elicitation with a contact allergen, but underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Oral warfarin affects peripheral blood leukocyte IL-6 and TNFα production in rats.

Warfarin is a Vitamin K (VK) antagonist that affects Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) processes, including blood coagulation, as well as processes unrelated to hemostasis such as bone growth, calcification, and growth of some cell types. In addition, warfarin exerts influence on some non-VKD-related activities, including anti-tumor and immunomodulating activity. With respect to the latter, both immune stimulating and suppressive effects have been noted in different experimental systems.

Effects of subacute oral warfarin administration on peripheral blood granulocytes in rats.

Warfarin affects mainly vitamin K dependent (VKD) processes, but the effects on some non-VKD-related activities such as tumor growth inhibition and mononuclear cell-mediated immune reactions were shown as well. In this study, the effect of subchronic (30 days) oral warfarin (0.35 mg/l and 3.

Systemic immunomodulatory effects of topical dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in rats. Activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells.

Topical application of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is employed in the immunotherapy of skin diseases. Activation of T-cell mediated immune responses (Th1/type1) is the supposed mechanism of the clinical effect of DNCB, but there are no data concerning innate/inflammatory mechanisms. In this study, the effect of repeated topical DNCB application on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes has been examined in two rat strains which differ in the propensity to mount Th1/type1 or Th2/type2 responses.

Percutaneous toxicity of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in rats.

Contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. While the significance of local inflammatory skin response to the hapten application in CHS induction and expression is known, there is paucity of data concerning systemic inflammation in CHS. In this study, changes in cellular (peripheral blood granulocytes) and humoral (plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels) components of inflammation during sensitization of rats with two consecutive applications of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were examined.

Local proinflammatory effects of repeated skin exposure to warfarin, an anticoagulant rodenticide in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of epicutaneous application of anticoagulant warfarin, by examining the presence of tissue injury and immune/inflammatory activity in exposed skin.

Methods: Rats were exposed to warfarin by applying 10 μg of warfarin-sodium to 10-12 cm(2) skin (range 0.8-1 μg per 1 cm(2)) for 3 consecutive days.

Contact allergic response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in rats: insight from sensitization phase.

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of CHS studies were conducted in mice and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) rats by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN).

Gender differences in pulmonary inflammation following systemic cadmium administration in rats.

Objective: To examine the presence of gender differences in pulmonary inflammation evoked by acute systemic cadmium administration in rats.

Methods: Presence of basic indicators of lung inflammation (inflammatory cytokine lung content, leukocyte infiltration and activity of cells recovered from lungs by enzyme digestion) was analyzed and compared in animals of the two sexes.

Results: Intraperitoneal administration of cadmium (1.