The NADPH oxidase family and its inhibitors.

The classical nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase was originally detected in neutrophils as a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the generation of superoxide from oxygen and the reduced form of NADPH. This enzyme is composed of two membrane-bound subunits (p22phox and gp91phox), three cytosolic subunits (p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox) and a small G-protein Rac (Rac1 and Rac2). Recently, it has been demonstrated that there are several isoforms of nonphagocytic NADPH oxidase.

[The influence of lipoic acid on total protein concentration in the liver and spleen tissue in rats during lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress].

The Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the influence of lipoic acid on total protein concentration in the liver and spleen in rats during endotoxemia.

Material And Methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats divided into following groups: Group I (control) received saline; Group II (LA) received lipoic acid (60 mg/kg b.w.

Lipoic acid - biological activity and therapeutic potential.

α-Lipoic acid (LA; 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid) was originally isolated from bovine liver by Reed et al. in 1951. LA was once considered a vitamin.

[Role of lipoic acid in health and disease].

Oxidative stress disturbs organism's homeostasis and leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Researchers are still focused on antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative stress level and are helpful in treatment of diseases were ROS overproduction is observed. Among those antioxidants is lipoic acid (LA).

Protective effects of endothelin-A receptor antagonist BQ123 against LPS-induced oxidative stress in lungs.

The aim of this study was to assess whether endothelin-A receptor (ET(A)-R) blocker, BQ123, influences lung edema, lipid peroxidation TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), TNF-α concentration or the glutathione redox system in the lung homogenates obtained from LPS-induced endotoxic shock rats. The study was performed on male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) divided into groups: (1) saline, (2) LPS (15 mg/kg)-saline, (3) BQ123 (0.5 mg/kg)-LPS, (4) BQ123 (1 mg/kg)-LPS.

Long-term melatonin administration enhances the antioxidant potential of human plasma maintained after discontinuation of the treatment.

We investigated the effect of long-term oral melatonin administration on the antioxidant capacity of plasma. The study was performed on healthy volunteers divided into two groups: the control group (without melatonin treatment) and the study group treated with 6 mg of melatonin per day for two weeks, 2 hours before bedtime. Blood samples were drawn: before melatonin administration, on the 7th and 14th day of melatonin treatment and on the 10th day after the last dose of melatonin.

Role of endothelin-1 receptor blockers on hemodynamic parameters and oxidative stress.

Endothelin (ET) was first isolated and described by Yanagisawa et al. and has since been described as one of the most potent known vasoconstrictor compounds. ET-1 mediates its effects via two types of receptors, ETA and ETB, which are expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, intestines and brain.

[The comparison of alpha-lipoic acid, melatonin, vitamin C and trolox effectiveness in decreasing DNA stand brakes and increasing plasma antioxidant power].

Unlabelled: Human plasma contains different antioxidants which may be important in the maintenance of an antioxidant status. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exogenous antioxidants (vitamin C, trolox, alpha-lipoic acid and melatonin) on DNA standard brakes level and antioxidant activity of plasma.

Material And Methods: Blood was obtain from 24 healthy volunteers from 19-23 of age and centrifuge.