Eliciting inflammation enables successful rehabilitative training in chronic spinal cord injury.

Rehabilitative training is one of the most successful therapies to promote motor recovery after spinal cord injury, especially when applied early after injury. Polytrauma and management of other medical complications in the acute post-injury setting often preclude or complicate early rehabilitation. Therefore, interventions that reopen a window of opportunity for effective motor training after chronic injury would have significant therapeutic value.

Spontaneous recovery of bilateral congenital idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: systematic non-meta-analytical review.

Objectives: To systematically review the frequency and time to spontaneous recovery in pediatric patients with bilateral congenital idiopathic laryngeal paralysis (BCILP).

Methods: The databases of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Proquest Dissertations were searched for English language articles reporting on laryngeal paralysis in pediatric patients. A bibliography search of the selected studies was done to identify additional articles.

Characterization of A11 neurons projecting to the spinal cord of mice.

The hypothalamic A11 region has been identified in several species including rats, mice, cats, monkeys, zebrafish, and humans as the primary source of descending dopamine (DA) to the spinal cord. It has been implicated in the control of pain, modulation of the spinal locomotor network, restless leg syndrome, and cataplexy, yet the A11 cell group remains an understudied dopaminergic (DAergic) nucleus within the brain. It is unclear whether A11 neurons in the mouse contain the full complement of enzymes consistent with traditional DA neuronal phenotypes.

Acquired bilateral adductor laryngeal paralysis in neonates and children: a case series and a systematic review.

Objectives: To present a series of acquired bilateral adductor laryngeal paralysis (BAdLP) and review the literature on clinical manifestations and management.

Methods: A retrospective review of a single tertiary care practice of pediatric otolaryngology was conducted. Patients were identified from a surgical database spanning twelve years of practice (2002-2013).

Lipopolysaccharide can induce errors in anatomical measures of neuronal plasticity by increasing tracing efficacy.

Evidence suggests that activating certain components of the immune system may increase regeneration and plasticity in the injured central nervous system. Investigating the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin and immune activator, on neuronal plasticity in rat models of spinal cord injury, we discovered that systemic administration of LPS can increase the number of descending motor axons that transport neuronal tracers anterogradely to the spinal cord. This effect of LPS was not observed across all motor tracts traced in two different experiments, but was significant for two different tracers administered to corticospinal tract neurons.

Training-induced plasticity in rats with cervical spinal cord injury: effects and side effects.

We investigated the contribution of corticospinal tract (CST) plasticity to training-induced recovery and side effects following spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats were divided into three lesion groups: a unilateral lesion of the dorsal funiculus, the lateral funiculus or a lesion of the entire dorsolateral quadrant (DLQ). Following surgery, rats were distributed into a training group and an untrained group.

Spinal cord injury and plasticity: opportunities and challenges.

There is still no effective treatment to promote functional recovery following spinal cord injury. However, promoting injury-induced adaptive changes (plasticity) within the central nervous system, associated with repair, promise new treatment strategies. Recent contributions from our group and current challenges of this relatively young field are discussed in this review.

Histomorphological and functional impacts of postoperative motor training in rats after allograft sciatic nerve transplantation under low-dose FK 506.

This study aimed to determine the effect of motor training on recovery after nerve transplantation under low-dose FK 506. Rats (n=30) of two strains were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I served as untreated controls; groups II and III received allograft transplants for reconstruction of the sciatic nerve and FK 506 (0.

Advantages of delaying the onset of rehabilitative reaching training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury.

We have previously reported that rehabilitative reaching training initiated 4 days following an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats promotes plasticity and task-specific recovery. This training, however, also resulted in impairments in an untrained task. Here we examined whether delaying the rehabilitative training following cervical SCI is still effective in promoting task-specific recovery, but circumvents impairments in an untrained task, comparable to what has been reported in stroke models.

Matrix formation in sustained release tablets: possible mechanism of dose dumping.

Conditions under which poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate) 2:1 (poly(EA-MMA), Eudragit NE) forms a stable matrix were investigated in tablets with diclofenac sodium (DS) as an active substance. DS was granulated with the aqueous polymer dispersion. Granules and/or tablets were cured under various temperature and humidity conditions.