Ice sheet and precession controlled subarctic Pacific productivity and upwelling over the last 550,000 years.

The polar oceans play a vital role in regulating atmospheric CO concentrations (pCO) during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. However, despite being the largest modern reservoir of respired carbon, the impact of the subarctic Pacific remains poorly understood due to limited records. Here, we present high-resolution, Th-normalized export productivity records from the subarctic northwestern Pacific covering the last five glacial cycles.