Light-Controlled Electric Stimulation with Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors Achieves Complex Neuronal Network Activation: Semi-Chronic Study in Cortical Cell Culture and Rat Model.

Neurostimulation employing photoactive organic semiconductors offers an appealing alternative to conventional techniques, enabling targeted action and wireless control through light. In this study, organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPC) are employed to investigate the effects of light-controlled electric stimulation on neuronal networks in vitro and in vivo. The interactions between the devices and biological systems are characterized.

Choosing the right electrode representation for modeling real bioelectronic interfaces: a comprehensive guide.

Producing realistic numerical models of neurostimulation electrodes in contact with the electrolyte and tissue, for use in time-domain finite element method simulations while maintaining a reasonable computational burden remains a challenge. We aim to provide a straightforward experimental-theoretical hybrid approach for common electrode materials (Ti, TiN, ITO, Au, Pt, IrOx) that are relevant to the research field of bioelectronics, along with all the information necessary to replicate our approach in arbitrary geometry for real-life experimental applications.We used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to extract the electrode parameters in the AC regime under different DC biases.

Shedding Light on Cardiac Excitation: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Native Ca Channel Activation in Guinea Pig Cardiomyocytes Using Organic Photovoltaic Devices.

Objective: This study aims to explore the potential of organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs), an innovative photovoltaic device, in mediating the activation of native voltage-gated Cav1.2 channels (I) in Guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were employed to examine light-triggered OEPC mediated I activation, integrating the channel's kinetic properties into a multicompartment cell model to take intracellular ion concentrations into account.

Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces.

Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device's bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant-all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device-an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate.