Screening for C9orf72 Expansion Mutation in Serbian Patients with Early-Onset Dementia.

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of early-onset dementia (EOD), characterized by behavioral changes (behavioral variant; bvFTD) or language deficits. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a noncoding region of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) has been proved to be a major cause of both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or FTD, with or without concomitant motor neuron disease (MND).

Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion in a cohort of 117 Serbian patients with EOD and to report phenotypic features of identified carriers.

Deep brain stimulation in psychiatry.

Deep brain stimulation is a stereotactic neurosurgical method used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and some other movement disorders. The application of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders has been intensively investigated taking into account the current knowledge of neurobiological basis of mood regulation, cognition, and behaviour. This paper has been aimed at presenting the available data on experience in the application of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Sonothrombolysis: is the story (t)old or just the beginning.

Introduction: Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, fastest and widely feasible treatment in acute ischemic stroke induces arterial recanalization, a prerequisite for neurological recovery. THE THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF ULTRASOUND AND POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF SONOTHROMBOLYSIS: Augmentation of recanalization can be achieved safely in combination with diagnostic transcranial Doppler by delivering mechanical pressure waves to the thrombus and exposing more thrombus surface to circulating drug. The addition of microspheres can further improve thrombolytic effect.

Improvement of post-hypoxic action myoclonus with levetiracetam add-on therapy: A case report.

Introduction: Chronic post-anoxic myoclonus, also known as Lance-Adams syndrome, may develop following hypoxic brain injury, and is resistant to pharmacological therapy.

Case Report: The patient we presented developed post-anoxic action myoclonus with severe, completely incapacitating myoclonic jerks. Myoclonus did not respond to the treatment with commonly used agents, i.

Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: a position statement by the Neuropsychology Task Force of the MDS Multiple System Atrophy (MODIMSA) study group.

Consensus diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy consider dementia as a nonsupporting feature, despite emerging evidence demonstrating that cognitive impairments are an integral part of the disease. Cognitive disturbances in multiple system atrophy occur across a wide spectrum from mild single domain deficits to impairments in multiple domains and even to frank dementia in some cases. Frontal-executive dysfunction is the most common presentation, while memory and visuospatial functions also may be impaired.

Neurosonographic monitoring of haemodynamic changes in tandem middle cerebral and internal carotid artery occlusion due to arterial dissection.

A middle-aged man with pain in the right eye and right side of the neck was brought to the emergency department one hour after the onset of left-sided weakness. Computed tomography (CT) showed hyperdense right middle cerebral artery (MCA). On transcranial Doppler (TCD), occlusion of the right MCA and right internal carotid artery (ICA) was found.

Extrapyramidal syndromes caused by antipsychotics.

Introduction: Extrapyramidal syndromes are significant side effects of antipsychotic therapy due to their severity, frequent occurrence and complications. This paper gives a brief summary of the literature with the emphasis on epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders induced by antipsychotics.

Dystonia: Sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

Our experience with thrombolytic therapy -- preliminary report.

Stroke is a rapidly developing clinical disturbance of focal or global cerebral function, lasting for more than 1 hour. It is an acute form of symptoms of brain function disorder, with no apparent cause other than vascular origin. It is the final phase of arterial disease, the main cause of disability, and the second leading cause of death.

[Diagnosis and outcome of cervical artery dissection].

Introduction: Spontaneous dissection of the cervical artery is a rare non-atherosclerotic vascular disease of unknown aetiology and unclear pathogenesis that may be a cause of ischemic stroke in young adults.

Diagnosis: Precise diagnosis of dissection of the cervical artery--carotid or vertebral--is possible with cervical axial magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography.

Treatment: The recommended treatment in the acute phase of cervical artery dissection is anticoagulant or antithrombotic therapy, aimed at preventing a primary or recurrent ischemic event.

Does massive cerebral venous thrombosis mean poor outcome?

A 21-year-old woman taking oral contraceptives presented with headaches, nausea, vomiting and somnolence. The next day she had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure after which her neurological condition deteriorated. CT and MRI showed multiple cerebral haemorrhages, while MR venography revealed extensive dural sinus and venous thrombosis involving almost all sinuses, great cerebral vein of Galen and internal cerebral veins.

Paradoxical emboli--clinical importance of transcranial Doppler for detection of patent foramen ovale.

A patent foramen ovale has been reported to be more frequently detected in cryptogenic stroke, with paradoxical embolism as the major pathogenetic mechanism. The standard procedure for the detection of a patent foramen ovale is transesophageal echocardiography. Transcranial Doppler sonography with bubble test is almost as reliable as transesophageal echocardiography.

Functional outcome after thrombolytic therapy.

In this paper, we report our experience from a prospective study in 40 ischemic stroke patients admitted during the last two years at University Department of Neurology Stroke Unit, Banja Luka Clinical Center, in order to assess the safety and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy, the impact of age, sex and risk factors, and functional outcome at 6 months of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment. According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, there were 5 mild, 22 moderate and 13 severe stroke cases in the study group. The outcome measures at 6 months of thrombolytic treatment were taken in 38 (100%) patients, yielding a Functional Independent Measure score > or=90 (good clinical outcome) in 21 (52.