Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor immunohistochemical expression in hepatocellular carcinoma without Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor exons 18-21 mutations.

EGFR targeted therapies, have been proved beneficial for patients with HCC, nevertheless additional research on EGFR immunoexpresion and EGFR mutations is still needed, especially in population in which it has not been done yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate EGFR immunoexpression in HCC without EGFR exons 18-21 mutations and to evaluate its influence on survival in HCC patients in North Macedonia. We studied 31 cases of HCC for EGFR immunohistochemical expression and EGFR exons 18-21 mutations.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of rosuvastatin in patients with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk.

Statins have shown anti-inflammatory pleiotropic effects in subjects with/at risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties of rosuvastatin in subjects at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. Data was collected from patients' records, physical examination and blood sampling.

Presentation of cytokine profile in relation to oxidative stress parameters in patients with severe COVID-19: a case-control pilot study.

COVID-19 can be worsened by hyper-production of cytokines accompanied by increased level of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between a set of cytokines and the markers of the oxidative stress. The levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, MCP-1 and EGF were determined by using High Sensitivity Evidence Investigator™ Biochip Array technology.

Signet ring cell carcinoma of rectum metastasizing to synchronous renal cell carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Rectal signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis. The co-occurrence of colorectal carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has found in many hundreds of patients, many of whom also have additional malignancies. Cancer to cancer metastasis is rare and an uncommon phenomenon in malignancy, especially at the time of initial diagnosis, suggesting a genetic susceptibility.

International external quality assurance of JAK2 V617F quantification.

External quality assurance (EQA) programs are vital to ensure high quality and standardized results in molecular diagnostics. It is important that EQA for quantitative analysis takes into account the variation in methodology. Results cannot be expected to be more accurate than limits of the technology used, and it is essential to recognize factors causing substantial outlier results.

TP53 Mutation in Correlation to Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 Protein in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Mutations causing p53 inactivation are among the most common genetic alterations in human malignant tumours including hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of p53 gene mutations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should provide relevant data for the patients from the Republic of Macedonia and should allow the survivals additional therapeutic option as is gene therapy.

Aim: We aimed to detect p53 gene mutations in HCC tissue, and to correlate them with the immunoexpression of p53 protein and multiple clinicopathologic characteristics of a tumour.

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5 in Kosovar population.

Cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms are responsible for individual variations in drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions. They are very important for pharmacogenetics, and their frequency varies across different populations. There is a big gap in the knowledge about the CYP gene family polymorphisms in the population of Kosovo, and the aim of our study was to fill that gap by determining the frequency of the most important variant alleles of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5 in 234 nonrelated Kosovars.

Diversities of Calreticulin Gene Mutations in Macedonian Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia.

Background: Acquired calreticulin (CALR) gene mutations are one of the molecular hallmarks of essential thrombocythemia (ET). It has been suggested that patients with ET with CALR mutations are associated with a distinct clinical phenotype.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated the clinical and molecular features of 150 patients with ET followed over a period of 15 years.

Multivariable model consisting of clinical and biological markers for time to first treatment in CLL patients: Preliminary results from single centre experience.

Introduction: The clinical course for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is extremely heterogeneous; one of the most important challenges in the clinical management of these patients is the decision on initiating their treatment, but there is no available prognostic system that will resolve this issue. Usually, criteria for active disease are used to initiate therapy. Recently, some authors have proposed prognostic models, scoring systems involving a set of clinical and biological risk factors and estimates of individual patient survivals.