Different forms of copper and kinetin impacted element accumulation and macromolecule contents in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds.

The relationship between engineered nanomaterials and plant biostimulants is unclear. In this study, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants were grown to maturity (90 days) in soil amended with nano copper (nCu), bulk copper (bCu), or copper chloride (CuCl) at 0, 50, or 100 mg kg, then watered with 0, 10, or 100 μM of kinetin (KN). Seeds were harvested and analyzed via ICP-OES and biochemical assays.