Discovery of novel metabolic biomarkers in blood serum for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Blood metabolites have emerged as promising candidates in the search for biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as evidence shows that various metabolic derangements contribute to neurodegeneration in AD.

Objective: We aim to identify metabolic biomarkers for AD diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted an in-depth analysis of the serum metabolome of AD patients and age, sex-matched cognitively unimpaired older adults using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

A non-parametric approach to predict the recruitment for randomized clinical trials: an example in elderly inpatient settings.

Background: Accurate prediction of subject recruitment, which is critical to the success of a study, remains an ongoing challenge. Previous prediction models often rely on parametric assumptions which are not always met or may be difficult to implement. We aim to develop a novel method that is less sensitive to model assumptions and relatively easy to implement.

Incidence of prostate, colorectal and male breast cancers in relation with statins and testosterone replacement therapy: SEER-Medicare 2007-2015.

Introduction: Statins and testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) have been inconsistently associated with a reduced risk of hormone-related cancers (HRCs, prostate [PCa], colorectal [CRC], and male breast cancers [BrCa]). Yet, the joint association of statins and TTh with the incidence of these cancers, and whether these associations vary by race, remains poorly understood. The objective of this retrospective cohort study is to examine the independent and joint effects of pre-diagnostic use of statins and TTh on the risk of HRCs, including PCa, CRC, and male BrCa.

Scratch…Descriptive epidemiologic study of billiards-related injuries.

The purpose of this descriptive epidemiological study is to identify billiards-related injuries that presented to the United States emergency departments from 2000 to 2020. This is a study using secondary data from emergency departments from 2000 to 2020 and presented with billiards-related injuries. No applicable intervention, but the main outcome measure was a description of injuries sustained due to participation in billiards.

Evaluating the impact of pre-diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on mortality outcomes in older men with hormone-related cancers: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare 2007-2015.

Background: The link between the pre-diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy and their impact on hormone-related cancers, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and male breast cancer survival remains a topic of controversy. Further, there is a knowledge gap concerning the joint effects of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on hormone-related cancer survival outcomes.

Objective: To examine the independent and joint effects of pre-diagnostic use of statins and testosterone replacement therapy on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older men diagnosed with hormone-related cancers, including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and male breast cancer.

Comparative effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training, mirabegron, and trospium among older women with urgency urinary incontinence and high fall risk: a feasibility randomized clinical study.

Background: Untreated, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) can precipitate a vicious cycle of decreasing physical activity, social isolation, fear of falling, and falls. Structured behavioral interventions and medications are common initial treatment options, but they elicit their effects through very different mechanisms of action that may influence fall-related outcomes differently. This study will determine the feasibility of conducting a comparative effectiveness, three-arm, mixed methods, randomized clinical trial of a behaviorally based pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) intervention versus two recent drug options in older women with UUI or OAB who are also at increased risk of falling.

Association of serum testosterone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a nationally representative sample of White, Black, and Hispanic men.

Background: The association between total testosterone (T) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains poorly understood. We aim to investigate this association and how it varies by smoking status, body fatness, and race/ethnicity in a nationally representative sample of American men.

Methods: Data included a full sample (NHANES 1988-1991, 1999-2004, 2011-2012) and subset sample (excluding 2011-2012, no estradiol and SHBG levels available) of 2748 and 906 men (≥20 years), respectively.

Factors that impact initiation of pain management agreements for patients on chronic opioid therapy.

Objective: This analysis seeks to understand variables within our institution that impact pain management agreement (PMA) utilization for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Public academic medical center.

Body Mass Index Effect on Minimally Invasive Ventral Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for complications after ventral hernia repair (VHR), and minimally invasive (MIS) techniques are preferred in obese patients as they minimize wound complications. It is common practice to attempt weight loss to achieve a specific body mass index (BMI) goal; however, patients are often unable to reach it and fail to become surgical candidates. Therefore, we aim to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing outcomes of obese and nonobese patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic VHR.

Keyhole Versus Sugarbaker Mesh Configuration in Parastomal Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Parastomal hernia repairs (PHRs) are often complex and challenging, even for experienced abdominal wall surgeons. Although the ideal therapeutic option in the setting of a parastomal hernia is to restore intestinal continuity, this is often not feasible, and numerous techniques have been described for PHR. Current guidelines recommend using mesh for elective PHR, but there is a scarcity of evidence comparing different PHR techniques.

Association of sleep duration and quality with serum testosterone concentrations among men and women: NHANES 2011-2016.

Background: The association between testosterone concentrations and sleep duration is poorly understood.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sleep duration and quality with serum testosterone concentrations and its variation by sex and age.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 8748 men and women (≥20 years old) who participated in the cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016, a cross-sectional study.

Differential Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes to Infection by Mayaro Virus Strains.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. In recent years, the geographic distribution of MAYV may have expanded north from South and Central America into the Caribbean Islands. Although Haemagogus janthinomys is considered the main vector for MAYV, the virus has also been isolated from other mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti, a widespread species that serves as the main vector for highly epidemic viruses.

Use of weight loss medications in relation with prostate, colorectal and male breast cancers among older men: SEER-Medicare 2007-2015.

Background: The association of weight loss medications with prostate (PCa), colorectal (CRC) or male breast cancers, including assessment of these cancers combined (HRCs, hormone-associated cancers) remain poorly understood. Testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) is reported to be inversely associated with obesity, PCa and CRC, but it is unclear whether TTh modifies the association of weight loss medications with HRCs.

Methods: In 49,038 men (≥ 65 years) of SEER-Medicare, we identified 15,471 men diagnosed with PCa, 4836 with CRC, and 141 with male breast cancers.

Respiratory aspiration during treatment with clozapine and other antipsychotics: a literature search and a pharmacovigilance study in vigibase.

Introduction: Antipsychotics (APs), during treatment or overdose, may be associated with respiratory aspiration.

Areas Covered: A PubMed search on 30 September 2022, provided 3 cases of respiratory aspiration during clozapine therapy and 1 case during an AP overdose. VigiBase records of respiratory aspiration associated with APs from inception until 5 September 2021, were reviewed.

Label-Free Imaging and Histo-Optical Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancers with Multiphoton Autofluorescence Microscopy.

Depth-resolved label-free optical imaging by the method of multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) may offer new ways to examine cellular and extracellular atypia associated with epithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MPAM was evaluated for its ability to identify cellular and microstructural atypia in head and neck tissues from resected discarded tumor tissue. Three-dimensional image volumes were obtained from tissues from the floor of the mouth, tongue, and larynx, and were then processed for histology.

Association of total and free testosterone with cardiovascular disease in a nationally representative sample of white, black, and Mexican American men.

Associations of total testosterone (T) and calculated free T with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain poorly understood. Particularly how these associations vary according to race and ethnicity in a nationally representative sample of men. Data included 7058 men (≥20 years) from NHANES.

Evaluation of molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in the rhesus macaque model.

Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) is a prodrug of a ribonucleoside analogue that is currently being used under a US FDA emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. We evaluated molnupiravir for efficacy as an oral treatment in the rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty non-human primates (NHPs) were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with 75 mg/kg (n = 8) or 250 mg/kg (n = 8) of molnupiravir twice daily by oral gavage for 7 days.

Arbovirus Antibody Seroprevalence in the Human Population from Cauca, Colombia.

Several arboviruses have emerged or reemerged into the New World during the past several decades, causing outbreaks of significant proportion. In particular, the outbreaks of Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have been explosive and unpredictable, and have led to significant adverse health effects. These viruses are considered the leading cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses in Colombia.