A hyperlocal hybrid data fusion near-road PM2.5 and NO2 annual risk and environmental justice assessment across the United States.

Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. TRAP concentrations are highest meters away from major roads, and disproportionately affect minority (i.e.

Development and Application of an Open Tool for Sharing and Analyzing Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Data: Asthma Use Case.

Background: The Integrated Clinical and Environmental Exposures Service (ICEES) serves as an open-source, disease-agnostic, regulatory-compliant framework and approach for openly exposing and exploring clinical data that have been integrated at the patient level with a variety of environmental exposures data. ICEES is equipped with tools to support basic statistical exploration of the integrated data in a completely open manner.

Objective: This study aims to further develop and apply ICEES as a novel tool for openly exposing and exploring integrated clinical and environmental data.

Impact of School Location on Children's Air Pollution Exposure.

The role of school location in children's air pollution exposure and ability to actively commute is a growing policy issue. Well-documented health impacts associated with near-roadway exposures have led school districts to consider school sites in cleaner air quality environments requiring school bus transportation. We analyze children's traffic-related air pollution exposure across an average Detroit school day to assess whether the benefits of reduced air pollution exposure at cleaner school sites are eroded by the need to transport students by bus or private vehicle.

Improving emissions inputs via mobile measurements to estimate fine-scale Black Carbon monthly concentrations through geostatistical space-time data fusion.

Isolating air pollution sources in a complex transportation environment to quantify their contribution is challenging, particularly with sparse stationary measurements. Mobile measurements can add finer spatial resolution to support source apportionment, but they exhibit limitations when characterizing long term concentrations. Dispersion models can help overcome these limitations.

Translator Exposure APIs: Open Access to Data on Airborne Pollutant Exposures, Roadway Exposures, and Socio-Environmental Exposures and Use Case Application.

Environmental exposures have profound effects on health and disease. While public repositories exist for a variety of exposures data, these are generally difficult to access, navigate, and interpret. We describe the research, development, and application of three open application programming interfaces (APIs) that support access to usable, nationwide, exposures data from three public repositories: airborne pollutant estimates from the US Environmental Protection Agency; roadway data from the US Department of Transportation; and socio-environmental exposures from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey.

Safety assessment of spine MRI in deep brain stimulation patients.

Objective: Many centers are hesitant to perform clinically indicated MRI in patients who have undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS). Highly restrictive guidelines prohibit the use of most routine clinical MRI protocols in these patients. The authors' goals were to assess the safety of spine MRI in patients with implanted DBS devices, first through phantom model testing and subsequently through validation in a DBS patient cohort.

Combining Dispersion Modeling and Monitoring Data for Community-Scale Air Quality Characterization.

Spatially and temporally resolved air quality characterization is critical for community-scale exposure studies and for developing future air quality mitigation strategies. Monitoring-based assessments can characterize local air quality when enough monitors are deployed. However, modeling plays a vital role in furthering the understanding of the relative contributions of emissions sources impacting the community.

A new bottom-up emissions estimation approach for aircraft sources in support of air quality modelling for community-scale assessments around airports.

Transportation infrastructure (including roadway traffic, ports, and airports) is critical to the nation's economy. With a growing economy, aircraft activity is expected to grow across the world. In the US, airport-related emissions, while generally small, are not an insignificant source of air pollution and related adverse health effects.

Assessment of source contribution to air quality in an urban area close to a harbor: Case-study in Porto, Portugal.

Several harbors, like the Port of Leixões (Porto, Portugal), are located near urban and industrial areas, places where residential urban areas, highways and the refinery industry coexist. The need for assessing the contribution of the port to the air quality in its vicinity around the port is the motivation for the present study. This contribution was investigated using a numerical modelling approach based on the web-based research screening tool C-PORT.

Development and Evaluation of the R-LINE Model Algorithms to Account for Chemical Transformation in the Near-road Environment.

With increased urbanization, there is increased mobility leading to higher amount of traffic-related activity on a global scale. Most NO from combustion sources (about 90-95%) are emitted as NO, which is then readily converted to NO in the ambient air, while the remainder is emitted largely as NO. Thus, the bulk of ambient NO is formed due to secondary production in the atmosphere, and which R-LINE cannot predict given that it can only model the dispersion of primary air pollutants.

Attenuation of the physiological response to infection on adults over 65 years old admitted to the emergency room (ER).

It has been considered that the elderly have clinical manifestations different from the ones observed in middle-age adults during an injury event. This hypothesis has not been extensively explored in sepsis and bacterial infections. Secondary analysis of two prospective studies including 2611 patients over 18 years of age admitted to the emergency room with confirmed or probable bacterial infections and sepsis.

A modeling framework for characterizing near-road air pollutant concentration at community scales.

In this study, we combine information from transportation network, traffic emissions, and dispersion model to develop a framework to inform exposure estimates for traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) with a high spatial resolution. A Research LINE source dispersion model (R-LINE) is used to model multiple TRAPs from roadways at Census-block level for two U.S.

Creating locally-resolved mobile-source emissions inputs for air quality modeling in support of an exposure study in Detroit, Michigan, USA.

This work describes a methodology for modeling the impact of traffic-generated air pollutants in an urban area. This methodology presented here utilizes road network geometry, traffic volume, temporal allocation factors, fleet mixes, and emission factors to provide critical modeling inputs. These inputs, assembled from a variety of sources, are combined with meteorological inputs to generate link-based emissions for use in dispersion modeling to estimate pollutant concentration levels due to traffic.

A method for estimating urban background concentrations in support of hybrid air pollution modeling for environmental health studies.

Exposure studies rely on detailed characterization of air quality, either from sparsely located routine ambient monitors or from central monitoring sites that may lack spatial representativeness. Alternatively, some studies use models of various complexities to characterize local-scale air quality, but often with poor representation of background concentrations. A hybrid approach that addresses this drawback combines a regional-scale model to provide background concentrations and a local-scale model to assess impacts of local sources.

Bilateral pallidal stimulation for sargoglycan epsilon negative myoclonus.

We report on the clinical efficacy of bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in two patients with myoclonus dystonia/essential myoclonus who lack mutations in the epsilon sarcoglycan gene. The primary outcome measures were the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Scale motor severity and the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale scores, and the secondary outcome measure was the 36-item Short Form Health Survey score at the last postoperative follow up. Neuronal firing rates were also calculated from microelectrode recordings.

Scaling of postcontractile phosphocreatine recovery in fish white muscle: effect of intracellular diffusion.

In some fish, hypertrophic growth of white muscle leads to very large fibers. The associated low-fiber surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/V) and potentially long intracellular diffusion distances may influence the rate of aerobic processes. We examined the effect of intracellular metabolite diffusion on mass-specific scaling of aerobic capacity and an aerobic process, phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery, in isolated white muscle from black sea bass (Centropristis striata).

Pars plana insertion of glaucoma drainage devices for refractory glaucoma.

Background: Glaucoma drainage devices are more commonly inserted into the anterior chamber because of the relative ease of this method of insertion. However, in certain cases, posterior placement of the tube may be necessary or may be more desirable. The outcome of a series of patients with glaucoma drainage devices inserted into the pars plana was examined.