IMPACT OF NOCTURNAL OXYGEN ENRICHMENT ON HIGH-ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION.

Nocturnal oxygen enrichment improves sleep at high-altitude but may impair acclimatization. Determine if nocturnal oxygen enrichment impacts acclimatization. A 7-day acclimatization protocol occurred at a field-based research site between 0-4200m.

The combined influences of local heat application and resistance exercise on the acute mRNA response of skeletal muscle.

Introduction: The development and maintenance of the skeletal muscle is crucial for the support of daily function. Heat, when applied locally, has shown substantial promise in the maintenance of the muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the combined effects of local heat application and acute resistance exercise on gene expression associated with the human muscle growth program.

Impact of Topical Capsaicin Cream on Thermoregulation and Perception While Walking in the Cold.

Introduction: Capsaicin, a chili pepper extract, can stimulate increased skin blood flow (SkBF) with a perceived warming sensation on application areas. Larger surface area application may exert a more systemic thermoregulatory response. Capsaicin could assist with maintaining heat transport to the distal extremities, minimizing cold weather injury risk.

Influence of topical menthol gel on thermoregulation and perception while walking in the heat.

Purpose: Menthol is known to elicit opposing thermoregulatory and perceptual alterations during intense exercise. The current purpose was to determine the thermoregulatory and perceptual effects of topical menthol application prior to walking in the heat.

Methods: Twelve participants walked (1.

The isolated effects of local cold application on proteolytic and myogenic signaling.

Post-exercise cooling studies reveal inhibitory effects on markers of skeletal muscle growth. However, the isolated effect of local cold application has not been adequately addressed. It is unclear if the local cold or the combination of local cold and exercise is driving negatively altered skeletal muscle gene expression.

The independent effects of local heat application on muscle growth program associated mRNA and protein phosphorylation.

The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle is crucial for the support of daily function. Recent evidence suggests that genes coded for proteins associated with the human muscle growth program (myogenic and proteolytic genes) are sensitive to local heat application. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of 4 h of local heat application to the vastus lateralis at rest on acute phosphorylation (mTOR, p70-S6K1, and 4E-BP1) and gene expression changes for proteins associated with the muscle growth program.

Influence of topical capsaicin cream on thermoregulation and perception during acute exercise in the heat.

Purpose: Determine if topical capsaicin, a transient receptor potential vanilloid heat thermoreceptor activator, alters thermoregulation and perception when applied topically prior to thermal exercise.

Methods: Twelve subjects completed 2 treatments. Subjects walked (1.

Independent effects of acute normobaric hypoxia and hypobaric hypoxia on human physiology.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute normobaric (NH, decreased FiO) and hypobaric (HH, 4200 m ascent) hypoxia exposures compared to sea level (normobaric normoxia, NN). Tissue oxygenation, cardiovascular, and body fluid variables measured during rest and a 3-min step-test following 90-min exposures (NH, HH, NN). Muscle oxygenated hemoglobin (OHb) decreased, and muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) increased environmentally independent from rest to exercise (p < 0.

Influence of Local Muscle Cooling on Mitochondrial-Related Gene Expression at Rest.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of localized cooling of the skeletal muscle during rest on mitochondrial related gene expression. Thermal wraps were applied to the of each limb of 12 participants. One limb received a cold application (randomized) (COLD), while the other did not (RT).

Septuagenarians Approach 4 Times the Basal Metabolic Rate During Race Across America.

Background: Previous data have demonstrated that Tour de France riders maintain total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) between 3.5 and 5.5 times the basal metabolic rate (×BMR).

Workshift Changes in Hydration Status During Wildfire Suppression.

Objective: Document wildland firefighters (WLFFs) hydration status during a singular workshift (13.7 ± 1.4 hours).

Influence of Fluid Delivery Schedule and Composition on Fluid Balance, Physiologic Strain, and Substrate Use in the Heat.

Introduction: Wildfire suppression is characterized by high total energy expenditure and water turnover rates. Hydration position stands outline hourly fluid intake rates. However, dose interval remains ambiguous.

Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources.

Purpose: Research has elucidated the impact of post-exercise carbohydrate nutrition and environmental conditions on muscle glycogen re-synthesis. However, research has minimally considered the implications of glycogen recovery in females and has mostly focused on commercial sport nutrition products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of varied mixed macronutrient feedings on glycogen recovery and subsequent exercise performance in both sexes.

Quality of Life in Patients with Background of Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injury.

Background: There are only a few reports regarding the quality of life of patients who underwent a complicated cholecystectomy with an iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI); the results have been heterogeneous and realized with unspecific measures.

Methods: The objective was to determine whether the quality of life of the subjects with a history of IBDI repaired with bilioenteric derivation is modified in the long term with respect to a control group, for which a group of patients with a history of IBDI (group A) was compared with a group of patients with a history of uncomplicated cholecystectomy (group B). Two different measures were used: on the one hand, the SF-12 questionnaire and on the other hand, a questionnaire was implemented where the patient could determine by himself which variables define his quality of life.

Acute leukemia classification by ensemble particle swarm model selection.

Objective: Acute leukemia is a malignant disease that affects a large proportion of the world population. Different types and subtypes of acute leukemia require different treatments. In order to assign the correct treatment, a physician must identify the leukemia type or subtype.

Availability of vitamin D photoconversion weighted UV radiation in southern South America.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) plays a key role in several biological functions, including human health. Skin exposure to UVR is the main factor in vitamin D photoconversion. There is also evidence relating low levels of vitamin D with certain internal cancers, mainly colon, breast and prostate, as well as other diseases.

Quality of UVR exposure for different biological systems along a latitudinal gradient.

The exposure of organisms to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is characterized by the climatology (annual cycle) and the variance (anomalies) of biologically-weighted irradiances at eight geographical locations in austral South America, from 1995-2002. The net effect of UVR on biological systems is a result of the balance of damage and repair which depends on intensity and duration of irradiance and is modulated by its variability. The emphasis in this study is on day-to-day variability, a time scale of importance to adaptive strategies that counteract UVR damage.

Global spectral UV-radiometer with automatic shadow band.

A solar radiometer (GUV-511 C, Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA) with four UV channels has been operating at Trelew (43.2 degrees S, 65.

Multichannel radiometer calibration: a new approach.

The error in irradiance measured with Sun-calibrated multichannel radiometers may be large when the solar zenith angle (SZA) increases. This could be particularly detrimental in radiometers installed at mid and high latitudes, where SZAs at noon are larger than 50 degrees during part of the year. When a multiregressive methodology, including the total ozone column and SZA, was applied in the calculation of the calibration constant, an important improvement was observed.