Comparing flickering and pulsed chromatic pupil light responses.

The pupil light reflex (PLR) can serve as a biomarker of the photoreceptor function. Protocols for chromatic PLR consider mostly pulsed stimulation. A more sophisticated and promising technique is based on the PLR to flickering stimulation.

Relationship of Geographic Altitude with Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics and Vascular Density Values Assessed by OCT Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate variations in vascular density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics in relation to geographic altitude in healthy subjects from 6 Latin American cities.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Healthy volunteers from 6 Latin American cities.

Biomarkers and predictors for functional and anatomic outcomes for small gauge pars plana vitrectomy and peeling of the internal limiting membrane in naïve diabetic macular edema: The VITAL Study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate biomarkers and predictive factors for visual and anatomical outcome in patients with naïve diabetic macular edema (DME) who underwent small gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling as a first line treatment.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional study.

Participants: 120 eyes from 120 patients with naïve DME treated with PPV and ILM peeling with a follow up of 24 months.

Paraproteinemic maculopathy.

Purpose: Paraproteinemia relates to monoclonal gammopathy-producing pathologic antibodies with serous macular detachment being an uncommon ocular manifestation. We ascertained the clinical course of maculopathy in paraproteinemia and investigated the effect of various therapeutic methods on the resolution of subretinal deposits.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational case series.

Localized bi-nasal macular edema in optic chiasmal syndrome.

A 28-year-old healthy male complaining of vision loss in his right eye was discovered to have localized bi-nasal macular edema in the presence of a pituitary adenoma. The presence of a junctional scotoma composed by a central scotoma in the right eye associated with superior temporal quadrantanopia in the fellow eye was seen. The pattern detected in the visual field suggested the presence of an expansive mass at the level of the optic chiasm.

Triamcinolone and intraocular sustained-release delivery systems in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) still represents one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Since this condition affects the posterior segment of the eye, topical application of ophthalmic medicines is of limited benefit, considering that they seldom reach therapeutic levels in the affected tissues. Systemic medications can be insufficient due to the eye's immunoprivileged condition and existence of both inner and outer blood-retinal barriers, which place limitations on the potential role of this route of administration for retinal diseases.

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema: a systematic review.

Objective: To compare intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection versus no treatment or sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) injection in improving visual acuity (VA) of patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME; unresponsive to focal laser therapy).

Clinical Relevance: Diabetic macular edema is the leading cause of visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. Laser therapy has been the standard of care for patients with persistent or progressive disease.

Large submacular hemorrhage following PDT with verteporfin in patients with occult CNVM secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

A review of the charts for all patients who developed large submacular hemorrhages following photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration yielded three patients who met the criteria for a large submacular hemorrhage. All three patients were treated for exudative age-related macular degeneration and were taking warfarin for chronic anticoagulation. Before photodynamic therapy, the international normalized ratio ranged from 1.

Radial optic neurotomy for management of hemicentral retinal vein occlusion.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of radial optic neurotomy on visual acuity (VA) and foveal thickness in patients with hemicentral retinal vein occlusion.

Methods: A prospective noncomparative case series of 13 eyes in 13 patients with hemicentral retinal vein occlusion and a preoperative VA of 20/60 or less from a total of 232 retinal vein occlusions diagnosed. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy, posterior hyaloid dissection, and radial optic neurotomy at the nasal border of the optic disc.

Preliminary results of combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and ICG-based photodynamic therapy for choroidal melanoma.

Background And Objective: To evaluate whether the combination of simultaneous hyperthermia by transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for small and medium choroidal melanomas.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-five patients with small and medium choroidal melanomas were treated with combined simultaneous transpupillary thermotherapy and indocyanine green-based photodynamic therapy.

Results: The median age of the 25 patients was 64 years (range, 35 to 88 years).

A cluster of patients with acute-onset endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.

Background And Objective: To describe a cluster of patients who had acute-onset endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery who were referred from three different anterior segment surgeons were evaluated.

Results: Presenting visual acuities ranged from 20/30 to light perception (median, 20/80).

Photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to optic nerve drusen.

The authors describe the use of photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to optic nerve drusen. A 28-year-old woman had a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to optic nerve drusen with significant metamorphopsia. Photodynamic therapy using verteporfin was performed.