Cultivable bacteria contribute to the removal of diclofenac and naproxen mix in a constructed wetland with Typha latifolia.

Constructed wetlands are used to remove diclofenac and naproxen from wastewater. However, the role of plants and their root-associated bacteria in removing these pharmaceuticals is still unknown. In this work, bacteria were isolated from the roots of Typha latifolia cultivated in a constructed wetland to treat a diclofenac and naproxen mix.

Phaseolotoxin: Environmental Conditions and Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Its Synthesis.

Phaseolotoxin is an antimetabolite toxin produced by diverse pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae which affects various plants, causing diseases of economic importance. Phaseolotoxin contributes to the systemic dissemination of the pathogen in the plant, therefore it is recognized as a major virulence factor. Genetic traits such as the Pht cluster, appear defining to the toxigenic strains phaseolotoxin producers.

Bacterial Communities Associated with the Roots of spp. and Its Relationship in Phytoremediation Processes.

Heavy metal pollution is a severe concern worldwide, owing to its harmful effects on ecosystems. Phytoremediation has been applied to remove heavy metals from water, soils, and sediments by using plants and associated microorganisms to restore contaminated sites. The genus is one of the most important genera used in phytoremediation strategies because of its rapid growth rate, high biomass production, and the accumulation of heavy metals in its roots.

Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from and Their Effect in Plants Exposed to Either Pb or Cd.

Plant-associated bacteria in heavy-metal-contaminated environments could be a biotechnological tool to improve plant growth. The present work aimed to isolate lead- and cadmium-tolerant endophytic bacteria from the roots of growing in a site contaminated with these heavy metals. Endophytic bacteria were characterized according to Pb and Cd tolerance, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria activities, and their effect on seedlings exposed and non-exposed to Pb and Cd.

OxyR Positively Influences Phaseolotoxin Synthesis and Pyoverdin Production in pv. NPS3121.

Phaseolotoxin is a major virulence factor of the bean pathogen bacterium pv. . This toxin plays a key role in the development of the halo blight disease in bean plants.

Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in by Interaction with GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions.

The genus comprises plant species extensively studied for phytoremediation processes. Recently, GRC140, an IAA-producing bacterium, was isolated from roots. This bacterium stimulates the emergence of lateral roots of in the presence and absence of cadmium.

The aflatoxin inhibitors capsaicin and piperine from and fruits modulate the antioxidant system in .

Several aflatoxin inhibitors can modulate the antioxidant system in fungi. In this work, the effect of the ethanolic extract of and fruits, capsaicin, and piperine on the expression of the EGHI, K, L, O, P, and Q genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in were studied by qRT-PCR analysis. As well as, the effect on the expression of fungal antioxidant genes ( and and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

The role of auxins and auxin-producing bacteria in the tolerance and accumulation of cadmium by plants.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plant physiology and development. This review discusses Cd effects on auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis, and the strategies for restoring plant growth based on exogenous auxin application. First, the two well-characterized auxin biosynthesis pathways in plants are described, as well as the effect of exogenous auxin application on plant growth.

Down-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes in by roots and affinin for reduction of aflatoxin production.

Affinin present in roots has been identified as an anti-aflatoxin molecule. However, its mechanism of action has yet to be clarified. Aflatoxins biosynthesis involves not less than 27 enzymatic reactions.

amylase and glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity by capsaicin and piperine from and fruits.

In the present study, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of capsaicin and piperine from the ethanolic extract of (EECch) and (EEPn) fruits were investigated. Results revealed that EECch exhibited the highest phenolic (154 mg GAE/100 g of tissue) and flavonoid content (75 mg RtE/100 g of tissue) in comparison with EEPn. The predominant compound detected in EECch and EEPn by GC-EIMS analysis was the capsaicin and piperine, respectively.

Cadmium-tolerant endophytic Pseudomonas rhodesiae strains isolated from Typha latifolia modify the root architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 in presence and absence of Cd.

In this work, we isolated four Cd-tolerant endophytic bacteria from Typha latifolia roots that grow at a Cd-contaminated site. Bacterial isolates GRC065, GRC066, GRC093, and GRC140 were identified as Pseudomonas rhodesiae. These bacterial isolates tolerate cadmium and have abilities for phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and ACC deaminase activity, suggesting that they are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

Inhibitory effect of and fruits, capsaicin and piperine on aflatoxins production in by downregulating the expression of D, M, R, and S genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway.

Aflatoxins produced by are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites. The biosynthesis of this mycotoxins is a complex process and involves at least 30 genes clustered within an approximately 82 kB gene cluster. In the present study, the effect of and fruits on growth and aflatoxin production were studied in relation to the expression of D, M, R, and S four; key genes of aflatoxins biosynthesis pathway.

Antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of roots and affinin/spilanthol against by downregulating the expression of D and R genes of the aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway.

In the present study, ethanolic extract from roots and affinin/spilanthol against growth and aflatoxins production were studied in relation to the expression of D and R, two key genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract by GC-EIMS identified affinin/spilanthol (7.84 ± 0.

Production of a Mixture of Fengycins with Surfactant and Antifungal Activities by sp. MA04, a Versatile PGPR.

sp. strain MA04 a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) showed hemolytic activity on blood agar plates, and the supernatant from liquid culture in nutrient broth at 24 h exhibited emulsification activity, suggesting the production of biosurfactants. In antagonist assays, the supernatant showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as , , y , finding a reduction of mycelial growth of all fungi tested, ranging from 35 to 69%, this activity was increased with time of culture, accomplishing percentages of inhibition up to 85% with supernatants obtained at 72 h.

A 14-20kDa protein binds to the upstream region of the phtM operon involved in the synthesis of phaseolotoxin in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is a phytopathogenic bacterium in beans that produces a phytotoxin called phaseolotoxin, in whose synthesis a group of genes that belong to the "Pht cluster" are involved. This cluster comprises 23 genes arranged in 5 transcriptional units, two monocistronic (argK, phtL) and three polycistronic (phtA, phtD, phtM) operons, whose expression is increased at 18°C, correlating with the production of phaseolotoxin by the bacterium.

The antinociceptive effects of a standardized ethanol extract of the Bidens odorata Cav (Asteraceae) leaves are mediated by ATP-sensitive K channels.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bidens odorata Cav (Asteraceae) is used for the empirical treatment of inflammation and pain.

Aim Of The Study: This work evaluated the in vitro and in vivo toxicity, antioxidant activity, as well as the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of an ethanol extract from Bidens odorata leaves (BOE).

Materials And Methods: The in vitro toxicity of BOE (10-1000µg/ml) was evaluated with the comet assay in PBMC.

[Bacillus isolates from rhizosphere of cacti improve germination and bloom in Mammillaria spp. (Cactaceae)].

Cacti are the most representative vegetation of arid zones in Mexico where rainfall is scarce, evapotranspiration is high and soil fertility is low. Plants have developed physiological strategies such as the association with microorganisms in the rhizosphere zone to increase nutrient uptake. In the present work, four bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of Mammillaria magnimamma and Coryphantha radians were obtained and named as QAP3, QAP19, QAP22 and QAP24, and were genetically identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus, exhibiting in vitro biochemical properties such as phosphate solubilization, indoleacetic acid production and ACC deaminase activity related to plant growth promotion, which was tested by inoculating M.

Pharmacological effects and toxicity of Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae), a species endemic to Mexico, is used for the empirical treatment of cancer, pain, and inflammation.

Aim Of The Study: The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity, as well as the cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects of an ethanol extract from Costus pulverulentus stem (CPE).

The PhtL protein of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 affects the expression of both phaseolotoxin cluster (Pht) and Non-Pht encoded genes.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of halo blight disease in bean, produces a toxin known as phaseolotoxin, whose synthesis involves the products of some of the genes found within the Pht region. This region, considered a pathogenicity island, comprises 23 genes arranged in five transcriptional units: two single-gene units (argK, phtL) and three arranged as operons (phtA, phtD, phtM), most with unknown function.

Transcriptional profile of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 at low temperature: physiology of phytopathogenic bacteria.

Background: Low temperatures play key roles in the development of most plant diseases, mainly because of their influence on the expression of various virulence factors in phytopathogenic bacteria. Thus far, studies regarding this environmental parameter have focused on specific themes and little is known about phytopathogenic bacteria physiology under these conditions. To obtain a global view regarding phytopathogenic bacteria strategies in response to physiologically relevant temperature changes, we used DNA microarray technology to compare the gene expression profile of the model bacterial pathogen P.

Integration Host Factor (IHF) binds to the promoter region of the phtD operon involved in phaseolotoxin synthesis in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121.

Background: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of halo blight disease in beans, produces a toxin known as phaseolotoxin, in whose synthesis participate a group of genes organized within the genome in a region known as the "Pht cluster". This region, which is thought to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer, includes 5 transcriptional units, two monocistronic (argK, phtL) and three polycistronic (phtA, phtD, phtM), whose expression is temperature dependent.

Gene expression of Pht cluster genes and a putative non-ribosomal peptide synthetase required for phaseolotoxin production is regulated by GacS/GacA in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is the causal agent of halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is characterized by watersoaked lesions surrounded by a chlorotic halo resulting from the action of a non-host specific toxin known as phaseolotoxin.

Transcriptional profile of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 in response to tissue extracts from a susceptible Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar.

Background: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is a Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes "halo blight" disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).