Respiratory aspiration during treatment with clozapine and other antipsychotics: a literature search and a pharmacovigilance study in vigibase.

Introduction: Antipsychotics (APs), during treatment or overdose, may be associated with respiratory aspiration.

Areas Covered: A PubMed search on 30 September 2022, provided 3 cases of respiratory aspiration during clozapine therapy and 1 case during an AP overdose. VigiBase records of respiratory aspiration associated with APs from inception until 5 September 2021, were reviewed.

Effect of necessity-concern framework and polypharmacy on treatment adherence in psychiatric patients. Comparing an Argentinian with a Spanish sample.

Objective: We aimed to replicate a prior Spanish study of medication adherence where logistic regression models provided highly significant odds ratios (ORs) for three continuous scores: necessity, concern and the necessity-concern differential, and a dichotomous variable: skeptical attitude. Adherence ORs in the necessity-concern framework were very strong in patients taking five or six medications.

Methods: The sample comprised consecutive adult psychiatric outpatients in Mendoza, Argentina.

Associations of muscle lipid content with physical function and resistance training outcomes in older adults: altered responses with metformin.

Preserving muscle mass and strength is critical for long-term health and longevity. Age-related muscle lipid accumulation has been shown to be detrimental to muscle health. In healthy older individuals, we sought to determine whether muscle lipid content, determined from computed tomography, is associated with self-reported physical function, laboratory-measured performance, and the response to progressive resistance training (PRT), and how metformin may alter these responses (N = 46 placebo, 48 metformin).

Comparison between students' self-assessment, and visual and digital assessment techniques in dental anatomy wax-up grading.

Introduction: Digital technology has the potential to provide a bias-free evaluation instrument for practical examination grading. E4D Compare software was designed for teaching institutions to allow comparison between scanned models prepared by students and master models prepared by instructors. The aim of this study was to determine the tolerance value for the E4D compare software (E4D Technologies LLC, Richardson, TX, USA) that provides scores comparable with faculty grades for wax-ups #23 and #19.

Physical Function Measured Prior to Lung Transplantation Is Associated With Posttransplant Patient Outcomes.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pretransplant physical function is correlated with posttransplantation outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients that participated in pretransplantation screening and subsequently underwent lung transplantation. Pretransplant variables of interest included demographics, muscle mass, body composition, physical function, and physical frailty.

Physical therapy referral and medication for ankle sprain visits to physician offices: an analysis of the national ambulatory medical care survey.

Objectives: Supervised physical therapy is the recommended care for an ankle sprain. Yet, recent evidence indicates some ankle sprain patients may not receive the recommended care, and instead, prescribed medication to alleviate symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the percentage of patients reporting to an office-based physician in the U.

Visit Characteristics Associated With Opioids Administered or Prescribed During Emergency Department Visits for Ankle Sprain Between 2010 and 2015.

Background: Recent research has demonstrated that patients with ankle sprain who are discharged from the emergency department (ED) are prescribed an opioid. Minimizing the exposure to opioids is important to help prevent future abuse and misuse of these medications.

Objective: Identify ED visit characteristics for an ankle sprain that are associated with an opioid given in the ED, prescribed at discharge, or both.

Relationship of School-Based Physical Therapy Services to Student Goal Achievement.

Purpose: To explore the relationships of school-based physical therapy services to student goal achievement.

Methods: One hundred nine physical therapists and 296 students participated in a practice-based study. Therapists formatted goals using goal attainment scaling and evaluated goal achievement.

Medications Used in U.S. Emergency Departments for an Ankle Sprain: An Analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

Background: An ankle sprain is a common musculoskeletal injury treated in the emergency department. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation is the preferred method for managing the symptoms after an ankle sprain. However, many patients receive a medication, such as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or an opioid.

Metformin blunts muscle hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial: The MASTERS trial.

Progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) is the most effective known intervention for combating aging skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the hypertrophic response to PRT is variable, and this may be due to muscle inflammation susceptibility. Metformin reduces inflammation, so we hypothesized that metformin would augment the muscle response to PRT in healthy women and men aged 65 and older.

Assessment of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy Requirements.

Purpose: There are currently no recommendations regarding the starting doses of hormone therapy for individuals with gender dysphoria. The purpose of this study was to assess the hormone dose needed to achieve target hormone levels in transgender men and transgender women, and whether body mass index (BMI) affects these doses.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of subjects seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy was performed.

VOLLEYBALL OVERHEAD SWING VOLUME AND INJURY FREQUENCY OVER THE COURSE OF A SEASON.

Background: Overuse injuries are common in volleyball; however, few studies exist that quantify the workload of a volleyball athlete in a season. The relationship between workload and shoulder injury has not been extensively studied in women's collegiate volleyball athletes.

Hypothesis/purpose: This study aims to quantify shoulder workloads by counting overhead swings during practice and matches.

A guide for using NIH Image J for single slice cross-sectional area and composition analysis of the thigh from computed tomography.

Reports using computed tomography (CT) to estimate thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and mean muscle attenuation are often difficult to evaluate due to inconsistent methods of quantification and/or poorly described analysis methods. This CT tutorial provides step-by-step instructions in using free, NIH Image J software to quantify both muscle size and composition in the mid-thigh, which was validated against a robust commercially available software, SliceOmatic. CT scans of the mid-thigh were analyzed from 101 healthy individuals aged 65 and older.

Ethnopsychopharmacology study of patients' beliefs regarding concerns about and necessity of taking psychiatric medications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether or not cultural differences influence beliefs about the necessity of taking prescribed psychiatric drugs and concern about their adverse effects in psychiatric outpatients in Spain, Argentina, and Venezuela.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,372 adult psychiatric outpatients using 2,438 psychotropic drugs and was designed to assess outpatients' beliefs about their prescribed medication. Patients completed sociodemographic, clinical questionnaires, and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire Specific Scale and registered scores ranging from 1 to 5 on each of two subscales: concern and necessity.

Description of the Services, Activities, and Interventions Within School-Based Physical Therapist Practices Across the United States.

Background: Students with disabilities receive school-based physical therapy services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. Little research exists regarding therapy services in schools.

Objective: This study explored the school-based services that students received and the activities and interventions that physical therapists implemented, and determined if services differed based on the student's functional gross motor ability and age.

Joint Fluid Proteome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reflects an Acute Posttraumatic Inflammatory and Chondrodegenerative State.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the synovial fluid proteome following acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Design: This study represents a secondary analysis of synovial fluid samples collected from the placebo group of a previous randomized trial. Arthrocentesis was performed twice on 6 patients with an isolated acute ACL tear at a mean of 6 and 14 days postinjury.

School-based physical therapy services and student functional performance at school.

Aim: We explored relationships of school-based physical therapy to standardized outcomes of students receiving physical therapy.

Method: Using a practice-based evidence research design, School Function Assessment (SFA) outcomes of 296 students with disabilities (mean age 7y 4mo [standard deviation 2y]; 166 males, 130 females), served by 109 physical therapists, were explored. After training, therapists completed 10 SFA scales on students at the beginning and end of the school year.

Timing and Amount of Physical Therapy Treatment are Associated with Length of Stay in the Cardiothoracic ICU.

Significant variability exists in physical therapy early mobilization practice. The frequency of physical therapy or early mobilization of patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit and its effect on length of stay has not been investigated. The goal of our research was to examine variables that influence physical therapy evaluation and treatment in the intensive care unit using a retrospective chart review.