Epigenetic targets to enhance antitumor immune response through the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates found in sites of chronic inflammation such as tumors and autoimmune diseases. The discovery that TLS formation at tumor sites correlated with good patient prognosis has triggered extensive research into various techniques to induce their formation at the tumor microenvironment (TME). One strategy is the exogenous induction of specific cytokines and chemokine expression in murine models.

Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice.

In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication.

A Partially Protective Vaccine for Induced Degeneration of Adult Flukes Associated to a Severe Granulomatous Reaction in Sheep.

Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host-parasite interaction is needed for the design of effective vaccines.

(+)-trans-Cannabidiol-2-hydroxy pentyl is a dual CBR antagonist/CBR agonist that prevents diabetic nephropathy in mice.

Natural cannabidiol ((-)-CBD) and its derivatives have increased interest for medicinal applications due to their broad biological activity spectrum, including targeting of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR) and type 2 (CBR). Herein, we synthesized the (+)-enantiomer of CBD and its derivative (+)-CBD hydroxypentylester ((+)-CBD-HPE) that showed enhanced CBR and CBR binding and functional activities compared to their respective (-) enantiomers. (+)-CBD-HPE Ki values for CBR and CBR were 3.

A lower duodenal immune response is associated with an increase of insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity.

Objective: The intestinal immune response could play an important role in obesity-related comorbidities. We aim to study the profile of duodenal cytokines and chemokines in patients with morbid obesity (MO), its relation with insulin resistance (IR) and the intake of metformin, and with the evolution of MO after sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Research Design And Methods: Duodenal levels of 24 cytokines and 9 chemokines were analyzed in 14 nonobese and in 54 MO who underwent SG: with lower IR (MO-lower-IR), with higher IR (MO-higher-IR), and with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (MO-metf-T2DM).

Comparative dynamics of peritoneal cell immunophenotypes in sheep during the early and late stages of the infection with Fasciola hepatica by flow cytometric analysis.

Background: The peritoneal cell populations (PCP) are thought to play a crucial role during the early immune response in Fasciola hepatica infection while newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) are migrating in the peritoneal cavity (PC) towards the liver. In this study, we aimed to determine the immunophenotypes of the PCP and to analyse the dynamics of the recruitment of the PCP during the early and late stage of the infection in sheep infected with F. hepatica.

Effects of topical insulin on second-intention wound healing in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) - a controlled study.

Background: Compared with mammals, wound healing in reptiles is characterized by reduced wound contraction and longer healing times. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and histopathological effects of topical insulin on second-intention healing of experimentally induced wounds in skin without dermal bony plates of Trachemys scripta elegans exposed to daily variations in ambient temperature and in an aquatic environment. Forty-four healthy adult females were assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 24) was used to assess clinical features such as wound contraction; Group 2 (n = 20) was used for histological evaluation and morphometric analysis.

Immune signatures of pathogenesis in the peritoneal compartment during early infection of sheep with Fasciola hepatica.

Immune signatures of sheep acutely-infected with Fasciola hepatica, an important pathogen of livestock and humans were analysed within the peritoneal compartment to investigate early infection. Within the peritoneum, F. hepatica antibodies coincided with an intense innate and adaptive cellular immune response, with infiltrating leukocytes and a marked eosinophilia (49%).